Ultrasound Imaging of Renal Cysts in Children

Thomas, Christy Cathreen; Jana, Manisha; Sinha, Aditi; Bagga, Arvind; Ramachandran, Ambady; Sudhakaran, Dipin; Gupta, Arun Kumar

doi:10.1002/jum.15435

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…7c ). A high-frequency transducer is often necessary to identify the cysts, which appear as elliptical anechoic structures oriented perpendicular to the cortex [ 20 ]. POCUS findings in nephronophthisis are nonspecific and include normal to small-sized kidneys with increased echogenicity bilaterally (Fig.…”

Section: Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric nephrology

et al. 2022

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Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has evolved in recent years in clinical practice, helping in early bedside diagnosis of important etiologies. Many medical schools and training programs are integrating POCUS into their curriculum. Especially with the technological advances of newer handheld ultrasound devices, POCUS has now become a component adjunct to clinical examination, in the clinic and bedside in critical care units. The diagnostic utility of POCUS lies both in early identification of critical kidney disease, and also extra-renal pathologies from a focused cardiac ultrasound, lung ultrasound, and integrated fluid assessment. There is a need to incorporate POCUS in training in pediatric nephrology and establish competency standard criteria. This review shall cover how POCUS helps in enhancing patient care in pediatric kidney disorders and critical children, and the recent advances.

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Section: Clinical Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric nephrology

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystic renal diseases can be either hereditary or non-hereditary; the former involves ciliopathies, tuberous sclerosis, and nephronophthisis, whereas the latter involves simple renal cysts, complex renal cysts, and multicystic dysplastic kidney [ 3 ]. In children, most renal cysts are related to hereditary disease rather than acquired cystic diseases or simple cysts, as seen in adults [ 4 ]. In hereditary cystic kidney diseases, defects in the epithelial cilia function or structure of the kidney have been implicated in cyst formation [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high-frequency transducer should be used for a detailed examination of the cystic kidney [ 8 ]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not always required; rather, it is used very sparingly; its usage is involved in ruling out malignancy in complex cysts [ 4 ]. Computed tomography (CT) can be used as an alternative to MRI in case of the unavailability of MRI or among claustrophobic patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Modified Bosniak Classification for Intermediate and High-Risk Renal Cysts

Alkhamis¹,

Al-Sasi²,

Alzahrani³

2023

Cureus

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BackgroundRenal cysts are uncommon among the pediatric population, and their transformation into malignant lesions is also uncommon. Early detection can prevent further complications and protect renal function. Bosniak classification is a computed tomography-based classification for renal cysts developed for adults. Children are more susceptible to CT radiation. Therefore, a modified Bosniak classification for children based on the ultrasound (US) can be used if it shows reliability and accuracy. AimTo apply the modified Bosniak classification system among children with renal cysts. MethodsThis was a retrospective study that was conducted on pediatric patients who underwent surgery for intermediate and high-risk complex renal cysts in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using radiological information from 2009 to 2022. The collected data included demographics, medical history, radiological findings, and characteristics of renal cysts. SPSS Statistics v. 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data. ResultsThere were 40 children included in the study based on the US-modified Bosniak classification. Around 26.3% of patients had class I and 39.5% had class II renal cysts. Histopathology showed that 10% had Wilms tumor, and 15% had benign lesions. There were significant correlations between pathology findings and US findings (p=0.004), and CT findings (p=0.016). ConclusionThe modified Bosniak classification based on the US is sensitive, specific, and sufficiently accurate in the classification of renal cysts among children. Also, the size of the renal cysts can be a diagnostic marker of differentiation of benign and malignant cysts with high sensitivity and specificity.

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“…Concerning ultrasound, MSK presents a peculiar tetrad: hypoechoic medullary areas, hyperechoic spots, microcystic dilatations of papillary zone and multiple calcifications (linear, small stones or calcified intracystic sediment) in each papilla that, added to laboratory data and clinical history, could be helpful to identify patients with MSK [6]. Though differential diagnosis for cystic renal disease in "young kidneys" is very challenging, Thomas et al proposed a pragmatic reporting format for cystic renal diseases [7]. The most common differential diagnosis are with nephronophthisis (NPH) and/or medullary cystic kidney disease (ADTKD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medullary sponge kidney: unusual finding in kidney transplant recipient

et al. 2022

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Background Medullary sponge kidney is generally considered a benign condition, gold standard for the diagnosis is urography but it has almost been replaced by UroCT that did not present the same sensibility. Although it is really rare, our sonography’s findings were consistent with medullary sponge kidney in the transplanted kidneys. Case presentation A 45-year-old woman with a long history of double-kidney transplantation complained of frequent urinary tract infections, a history of vague loin pain and came to our attention for sonography follow-up. Her kidney function was normal, we did not find signs of infections in the transplanted kidneys and urinary findings were normal. Curiously, the transplanted kidneys came from a newborn and the patient received a double-kidney transplantation in order to guarantee a satisfactory renal function. Conclusions Despite a long history of kidney transplantation, genetic disease should not be forgotten when symptoms and images recall to specific inherited alterations. Sonography has to be considered in diagnostic path of kidney cystic disease.

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Ultrasound Imaging of Renal Cysts in Children

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric nephrology

Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric nephrology

The Modified Bosniak Classification for Intermediate and High-Risk Renal Cysts

Medullary sponge kidney: unusual finding in kidney transplant recipient

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