Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection in the Treatment of Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Percutaneous Procedures in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Causes and Treatment of Delayed Pseudoaneurysm after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Femoral Artery Approach

“…Surgical treatment is the repair of vascular surgery and trauma is larger. Non operative treatment is divided into ultrasound guided compression [7] , ultrasound guided intratumoral thrombin injection and others [8][9] . The clinical observation shows that the injection of thrombin into the tumor cavity under ultrasound guidance is more effective than the compression method, while the ultrasound guided unarmed compression method does not need special skills and is easy to grasp clinically, so the most commonly used method is still compression.…”

Safety and Effectiveness of Percutaneous Low-Dose Thrombin Injection for Femoral Puncture Site Pseudoaneurysms in Neurointervention: Single-Center Experience

“…On the other hand, there are numerous reports demonstrating thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance with high success rates, ranging from 93% to 100% without serious complications. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recently, as an alternative to surgical repair and invasive stent insertion, thrombin injection with ultrasound compression has gained much-deserved attention, and there are multiple studies reporting experiences and various concentrations of thrombin injection (Table 1). There are 2 major contributors to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm: patient-related factors and procedure-related factors.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] The patient-related factors are BMI, gender, atherosclerotic changes in the punctured artery, age, gender, underlying vascular diseases, and low platelet counts. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The procedure-related factors are urgency of the procedure, complexity, duration of the procedure, size of the sheath, and dexterity of the operators and inadequate post-procedure compression. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Judging from the previous reports and studies, we assumed that BMI, age, and usage of heparin may increase the occurrence of the pseudoaneurysm as compared to the subcutaneous hematomas.…”

“…These also may carry the risk of limb-threatening by thrombosis and ischemic injuries. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of thrombin injections in treating pseudoaneurysms. [17][18][19][20] In the study by Vlachou et al 17 , 81 patients were treated with 425 U/mL of thrombin with a high success rate of 95%.…”