Ultrasound‐Driven On‐Demand Transient Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Subcutaneous Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

To prevent surgical site infection (SSI), which significantly increases the rate morbidity and mortality, eliminating microorganisms is prominent. Antimicrobial resistance is identified as a global health challenge. This work proposes a new strategy to eliminate microorganisms of deep tissue through electrical stimulation with an ultrasound (US)‐driven implantable, biodegradable, and vibrant triboelectric nanogenerator (IBV‐TENG). After a programmed lifetime, the IBV‐TENG can be eliminated by provoking the on‐demand device dissolution by controlling US intensity with no surgical removal of the device from the body. A voltage of ≈4 V and current of ≈22 µA generated from IBV‐TENG under ultrasound in vitro, confirming inactivating ≈100% of Staphylococcus aureus and ≈99% of Escherichia coli . Furthermore, ex vivo results show that IBV‐TENG implanted under porcine tissue successfully inactivates bacteria. This antibacterial technology is expected to be a countermeasure strategy against SSIs, increasing life expectancy and healthcare quality by preventing microorganisms of deep tissue.

Triboelectric nanogenerators as self-powered sensors for biometric authentication

“…Biocompatibility plays an important role in biomaterials because it ensures that the material is safe and compatible with living tissues or organisms. 126,127 Since triboelectric self-powered sensors may come into close contact with the human body, it is necessary to develop biocompatible triboelectric sensors for biometric authentication and security monitoring.…”

Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application

“…Therefore, precise design of degradation rate is crucial for biodegradable electronic devices for the safety of patients. To control the degradation rates of biodegradable electronics, critical variables on materials have been modified for natural biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and biodegradable metals. − Degradation rates of natural polymers can be tuned by controlling the density, and pore size of resultants polymer networks. Silk fibroin was studied by controlling its density and porosity and showed much slower degradation rates for high density of polymer networks and smaller pore sizes in them .…”

“…Meanwhile, despite the reasonable design of degradation rates, unexpected situations of removing devices can happen which require acceleration of degradation or even direct destruction of devices. To fulfill these requirements, active triggering methods to accelerate the degradation rates have emerged using ultrasound (Figure I). , Moderate ultrasound can deliver mechanical energy to implanted devices without secondary surgeries with certified biocompatibility. By designing compositions of biodegradable materials, poly­(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) combined with Mg electrode, transient triboelectric energy devices were fabricated.…”

Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator Arrays Based on Dynamic Electric‐Double‐Layer for Harvesting Water Wave Energy

“…[1,[4][5][6] At this stage, most of the TENG devices adopt the fully enclosed mode. [6][7][8][9][10][11] However, the mechanical structures of these devices are usually too complicated to be manufactured, and the adaptability of the internal components with water waves is poor. [1,[12][13][14][15] In addition, the contradiction between low wear of the materials and high performance of TENGs is difficult to balance.…”