Ultrasound Diagnosis of Congenital Brain Anomalies

Vasiljević, Brankica; Gojnić, M; Maglajlić-Djukić, Svjetlana

doi:10.5772/31337

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…A male preponderance was observed in the study population similar to previous reports[ 22 26 ] whereas other workers have reported equal sex distribution. [ 25 ] However, the probable reason for the higher male predilection in the present study appears uncertain. It may be due to the importance attached to male gender in this part of the world (succession/propagation of the family name) such that parents are more likely to report any problem or sickness in their male children to the hospital faster than their female folk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Epidemiology of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in children in Enugu, Nigeria: A retrospective study

et al. 2016

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Background:Congenital anomalies, including those of the central nervous system (CNS), are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and fetal loss.Objective:To determine the prevalence and associated factors of CNS congenital anomalies in children.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective study of children managed with CNS anomalies was undertaken. Relevant clinical data of identified cases based on standard case definitions were retrieved from their case record files. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 while the level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results:Seventy-two cases of CNS anomalies were identified over the period under review; out of 7329 total pediatric admissions giving a prevalence of 0.98%. Spina bifida cystica, 49 (68.0%) was the most common of the five anomalies seen followed by congenital hydrocephalus 11 (15.3%). Fifty-seven (79.2%) of the mothers did not take periconceptional folic acid supplementation (P < 0.05) whereas 25 (34.7%), 6 (8.3%), and 1 (1.4%) reported history of febrile illness in the first trimester of pregnancy, alcohol use, and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, respectively. Majority of the cases of spina bifida cystica (30 [61.2%]) seen had corrective surgeries while the overall case fatality rate was 1 (1.4%).Conclusions:Spina bifida cystica was the most common anomaly of the CNS seen in this study and majority of the mothers of affected children did not take periconceptional folic acid supplementation (P < 0.05). Efforts should be made to create awareness and apply adequate preventive health education models including the use of periconceptional folic acid supplementation as well as the provision of access to standard prenatal care to at risk mothers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…[325] From the current study, musculoskeletal anomalies (talipes equinovarus) particularly were found to be the most common associated systemic anomaly. A male preponderance was observed in the study population similar to previous reports[2226] whereas other workers have reported equal sex distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Epidemiology of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in children in Enugu, Nigeria: A retrospective study

et al. 2016

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“…Before the development of ultrasonography, computed tomography scan (CT‐scan) and air ventriculography were used to diagnose intracranial disorders in humans (Chambers et al., 2013). Ultrasonography is an appropriate method for examination of the brain in human, and it is often compared to CT‐scan (Hudson et al., 1991; Vasiljevic et al., 2012). Despite the development of CT‐scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to date, ultrasound is still the most common method for examination of the brain in human neonates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic approach and findings in calves with hydranencephaly

Gorjidooz

Rahimabadi

Raoofi

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Teratogenic viral infections may proceed to hydranencephaly in cattle. Post‐mortem and antemortem diagnosis can be achieved by necropsy or ultrasonography, CT‐scan and MRI techniques. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine how effective ultrasonography approach is in detecting hydranencephaly in calves. Methods In this study, ultrasonography images were obtained from brains of nine Holstein claves, of the same age, with neurological signs (due to Akabane virus infection), approaching from the caudal part of the temporal bone. To confirm the obtained images, the same approach was used to obtain images from a normal calf of the same age. The thickness of the temporal bone was measured and compared in seven affected and the healthy calves, using CT‐scan images. Results In ultrasonographic images, temporal bone (as a hyperechoic structure) and temporal cortical mantle (as an echogenic structure) were noted in the right and left side of the skull. The medial part of the image showed presence of fluid in an anechoic region, instead of brain parenchyma. Falx cerebri was also seen as a floating hyperechoic line in the middle part in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the thickness of temporal bone in normal and affected calves (p = 0.502). All findings were confirmed by necropsy. Conclusions Transtemporal approach is a novel and easy approach to study the brain in calves. This is the first study on the hydranencephalic brains of claves, using ultrasonography by transtemporal approach.

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Book: Genetics for obstetricians and gynaecologists

Sivanathan

Thilaganathan

2017

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecol

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Prenatal diagnosis is a rapidly evolving speciality. Screening for aneuploidy begins with non-sonographic features of background risk of maternal age and past and family history. It is possible to diagnose major structural defects in the foetus using second trimester scans. Serum biochemistry markers in the early second trimester were added to increase the detection rate of aneuploidy. However, as some of these abnormalities were amenable to detection earlier in the first trimester, newer modalities were introduced. Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement was one of the main advances with regard to first trimester screening. Additional markers such as the presence of nasal bone, tricuspid regurgitation, ductus venosus and megacystis; together with first trimester serum biochemistry, further enhanced the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities. Advances in research and technology have resulted in the availability of non-invasive prenatal testing from 10 weeks of gestation. This has facilitated the detection of the three major chromosomal aneuploidies at very early gestation. However, there are a wide range of genetic syndromes that are not confined to the main trisomies. There are specific markers on ultrasound that can be linked to specific syndromes. Hence, a structured and stepwise approach is needed to identify and reach a possible diagnosis. As anomalies are classified into malformations, deformations and disruptions, it is important to note that not all markers detected are due to genetic syndromes and not all genetic syndromes can be detected on ultrasound scan. In this chapter, we outline common structural markers and their association with main genetic syndromes.

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Ultrasound Diagnosis of Congenital Brain Anomalies

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

Epidemiology of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in children in Enugu, Nigeria: A retrospective study

Epidemiology of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in children in Enugu, Nigeria: A retrospective study

Ultrasonographic approach and findings in calves with hydranencephaly

Book: Genetics for obstetricians and gynaecologists

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