Ultrasound-based formation of nano-Pickering emulsions investigated via in-situ SAXS

Abstract

Introduction: i Emulsions are metastable dispersions of two immisciblwere synthesized using methods adapted by Lae liquids that form an apparently homogeneous material (i.e. macroscopically). Without stabilizers, emulsions are intrinsically unstable and ultimately will separate into two different phases. 1 Although surfactants commonly stabilize emulsions, solid particles have also been demonstrated to be effective stabilizers producing systems called Pickering emulsions. 2-4 Based on the wettability of the particles, either oil-in-water or water-in-oil Pickering emulsions are formed. 3 Other advantages of Pickering emulsions include a significant increase in the emulsion's resistance to coalescence, increased energy barriers to eject particles from the emulsion interface (i.e. nearly irreversible adsorption), and decreased toxicity to living cells. 5-7 Consequently, Pickering emulsions can be used effectively in fields such as food science & engineering, oil recovery, cosmetics, and biomedical technologies. 6,8-12

Enhancement of storage stability of surimi particles stabilized novel pickering emulsions: Effect of different sequential ultrasonic processes

“…This was proved by Bi et al [26] , who obtained stable Pickering high internal phase emulsions stabilized by casein particles exposed to ultrasound conditions. Lee et al [27] also pointed out sonication technology could simultaneously emulsify and push solid particles adsorption onto droplet interfaces. In brief, the two-step emulsification approaches hold potential as green strategies for the preparation of high-stable surimi particles based-Pickering emulsions.…”

Stabilization of Pickering Emulsions by Hairy Nanoparticles Bearing Polyanions

“…Ultrasonication is the most frequently used method to apply mechanical forces to synthesize Pickering emulsions. Sonication is also effective in Pickering emulsion preparation because it can simultaneously emulsify and force particle adsorption onto droplet interfaces [33]. Thus, ultrasonic conditions determined whether Pickering emulsion was well prepared or not.…”

Spontaneous Nucleation of Stable Perfluorocarbon Emulsions for Ultrasound Contrast Agents

“…In contrast, during emulsification via sonication or homogenization, PFC losses up to 80% occur because input energy can vaporize large amounts of volatile oils. 44 Depending on droplet size and ethanol content used during synthesis, final droplet concentrations in this work varied from 10 10 droplet/ml (typical for ∼1 μm diameter droplets) to up to 10 12 droplet/ml (common for ∼100 nm diameter droplets).…”