“…We compared the diameter of S. aureus with E.coli , which indicates higher resistance of S. aureus to CdO NPs. The prepared NPs damaged the bacterial cell membrane inhibiting the metabolic enzymes activity present on bacterial cell membrane, which ultimately leads to cell death (Kannan, Radhika, Nikolova, et al, 2020; Karthik, Nikolova, et al, 2020). Previous studies indicated that small particle size, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) and release of CdO 2 + ions facilitate to establish electrostatic interaction between bacterial cell surface and NPs (Aswini et al, 2020; Kannan, Dhanuskodi, et al, 2020; Kannan, Radhika, Vijayalakshmi, et al, 2020) as shown in Figure 7.…”