Ultrasound assisted synthesis of performic acid in a continuous flow microstructured reactor

Abstract

The present work establishes in depth study of ultrasound assisted preparation of performic acid (PFA) in a continuous flow microstructured reactor. The influence of various parameters viz. formic acid: hydrogen peroxide molar ratio, flow rate, temperature and catalyst loading on the PFA formation were studied in a continuous flow microstructured reactor. In a continuous microstructured reactor in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation, the formation of PFA was found to be dependent on the molar ratio of formic acid: hydrogen peroxide, flow rate of reactants, temperature and catalyst loading (Amberlite IR-120H). The optimized parameter values are 1:1M ratio, 50mL/h, 40°C and 471mg/cm respectively. Further, the performance of Amberlite IR-120H catalyst was evaluated for three successive cycles in continuous microstructured reactor. The performance of catalyst was found to be decreased with the usage of the catalyst and is attributed to neutralization of the sulfonic acid groups, catalyst shrinkage, or loss in pore sites. The experimental results revealed that, for an ultrasound assisted synthesis of PFA in continuous microstructured reactor the observed reaction time was even less than 10min. The observed intensification in the PFA synthesis process can be attributed to the intense collapse of the cavities formed at low temperature during ultrasonic irradiations, which further improved the heat and mass transfer rates with the formation of HO during the reaction. The combined use of ultrasound and a continuous flow microstructured reactor has proved beneficial process of performic acid synthesis.

Sono-oxidative desulfurization of fuels using heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: A comprehensive review

“…Accordingly, Br 2 formed through the reaction 1, the PFA formed in-situ and HP in the reaction solution bring about a series of reaction 3–12 generating hydroxyl [158] , [161] , [220] and bromine radicals [211] by the decomposition of PFA and HP and the homolytic bond cleavage of Br 2 . Consequently, the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals play a dominant role in oxidation of the organosulfur compounds.…”

“…In the reaction mechanism in the case of using HP, FA and TOAF, peroxyformic acid generates formyloxyl radical and hydroxyl radical by homolytic cleavage under US [220] . As a result of the reaction of peroxyformic acid with hydroxyl radicals, formyl radical and peroxyformyl radical are formed, which is similar to the reactions [224] of peracetic acid with the hydroxyl radicals.…”

Process Intensification by Using a Helical Capillary Microreactor for a Continuous Flow Synthesis of Peroxypropionic Acid and Its Kinetic Study

“…Fig. 5 describes the effect of catalyst concentration on the PPA formation by maintaining constant molar ratio of HP to PA at 1:1 and at 50 °C [26,[35][36][37][38]. The conversion of PA at 4 mol % of catalyst loading was observed to be X PA = 60.20 %.…”

“…Fig. 3 describes the effect of HP to PA molar ratio from 1: 0.75 to 1: 1.25 [25,26] for the synthesis of PPA at 50 °C and 10 mol % catalyst loading based on PA at a total flow rate from 5 to 72 mL/h (residence time of 12 min to 50 s). Generally, for any tubular reactor / plug flow reactor, the residence time is the ratio of volume of the reactor to the volumetric flow rate to the reactor.…”

Possibility of Use of Phytogenic Food Ingredients to Improve Consumer Properties of Wheat Bread

“…Промышленные предприятия по изготовлению хлеба в Уральском регионе ведут постоянное наблюдение за реализацией ассортимента обогащенных изделий с целью определения рационального объема потребления, однако проблему формирования ассортимента хлеба специального назначения во настоящее время нельзя признать полностью решенной, поскольку поиск новых функциональных ингредиентов позволяет получать изделия нового ассортимента [4,6,9,10].…”