Ultrasound assisted synthesis of methyl butyrate using heterogeneous catalyst

Abstract

Ultrasound assisted esterification of butyric acid with methanol was investigated in an ultrasound irradiated isothermal batch reactor using acid ion-exchange resin (amberlyst-15) as a catalyst. Effect of parameters such as temperature (323-353 K), catalyst loading (0-8.5%w/w), alcohol to acid ratio, M (2-6), ultrasound power (0-145 W), duty cycle (0-85%) and amount of molecular sieves added (0-11%w/w) on the rate of reaction was studied. At optimized parameters, a maximum conversion of 91.64% was obtained in 120 min in presence of ultrasound. Experimental kinetic data were correlated by using Eley-Rideal (ER) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHH W) models taking into account reverse reaction. Studies showed that single site LHHW with reactants and products both adsorbing on catalyst surface was most suited for the obtained experimental data. Activation energy determined based on heterogeneous kinetics was in the range 49.31-57.54 kJ/mol while it was 18.29 kJ/mol using homogeneous model.

Evaluation of Esterification and Membrane Based Solvent Extraction as Methods for the Recovery of Short Chain Volatile Fatty Acids from Slaughterhouse Blood Anaerobic Mixed Fermentation

“…This result corresponds with other methyl acetate yields (58 and 80%) from diluted solutions of acetic acid [23,25]. The 75% yields obtained in this research for methyl propionate and butyrate were slightly lower than the maximum obtained by other studies using pure solutions [25][26][27]. This is the first research evaluating the recovery of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate by the production of methyl iso-butyrate and methyl iso-valerate.…”

Enzymatic synthesis of cinnamyl propionate from cinnamyl alcohol and propionic acid in a solvent free condition

“…The samples were also analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) method reported earlier [6]. Since the conversion obtained using both these methods was almost similar, the titration method was used to determine the conversion in all the experiments.…”

“…Similarly, the fatty acids derived long-chain esters are generally used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, surfactants [2], and also in lubricants, plasticizers, water-resistant agents, diesel additives, hydraulic fluids as reaction medium [3,4]. Likewise, several esters of short-chain fatty acid, demonstrate fruity odor characteristic, which include ethyl butyrate (strawberry or pineapple flavor) [5], 1-methyl butyrate (apple or pineapple flavor) [6], butyl butyrate [7], ethyl hexanoate (pineapple flavor) [8], isoamyl isovalerate (apple flavor) [9], isoamyl acetate [10] and (banana flavor) isoamyl butyrate [10,11]. The several cinnamyl esters having aroma characteristics are used in personal care products.…”

Quartz halogen‐ultrasonication integrated rotating reactor for efficient photocatalytic‐thermocatalytic synthesis of glyceryl monocaprin: Kinetics of heterogeneous esterification

“…13 It rendered 94% conversion in 120 min, which was superior to conventional reactors. 13 It rendered 94% conversion in 120 min, which was superior to conventional reactors.…”

“…Additionally, the potency of other electromagnetic radiation, namely, ultrasonication (US), for methyl butyrate synthesis has been also studied using A15 catalyst. 13 It rendered 94% conversion in 120 min, which was superior to conventional reactors. Besides, methyl ester synthesis using US had achieved 91.4% conversion in 1 hr, which was 3% higher than the conventional reactor study.…”