Ultrasound-assisted microsurgical left spermatic-inferior epigastric vein anastomosis for treating nutcracker syndrome-associated varicocele

Current results of left gonadal vein transposition to treat nutcracker syndrome

“…The results of our study appear to be consistent with the current literature, however there is an unavoidable heterogeneity in the data. White 6 The limitations of our study are its retrospective nature, the small number of patients and medium-term results, which precludes any firm conclusions. The diagnosis and the technique…”

“…There is still a lack of data to underpin unequivocal patient management. Therefore, there are many surgical options, ranging from the most to the least invasive: nephrectomy 2 , left kidney autotransplantation 2-5 , nephropexy 2,3,6 , SMA transposition 2,6,7 , LRV transposition (with or without adjunctive patch) [2][3][4]6,[8][9][10] , renocaval bypass 2,4 , gonadal venous bypass 3,4,10,11 , laparoscopic extravascular stent placement 2,6,12 or LRV stenting 2,4,6,10,13,14 .…”

Laparoscopic placement of left renal vein extravascular stenting in treatment of nutcracker syndrome: Techniques and long‐term outcomes

“…However, the treatment for NCS‐associated varicocele has seldomly been reported in the literatures. For patients with NCS manifesting as left varicocele, conventional varicocele ligation is likely to increase postoperative LRV hypertension, which would increase varicocele recurrence rate and aggravate NCS‐associated symptoms 25–27 . Hao et al.…”

“…Hao et al. reported the use of spermatic‐inferior epigastric vein anastomosis to treat NCS‐associated varicocele, with five (5/53, 9%) cases of left varicocele recurrence and two (2/53, 4%) cases of vascular anastomotic thrombosis 26 . Our study found that patients who underwent LEVS + spermatic venous ligation had similar outcomes for varicocele (13 resolved, and 6 relieved), compared with patients only underwent LEVS (11 resolved, and 5 relieved) ( p = 1.000).…”

Recent Advances in Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

“…The use of vascular Doppler ultrasound as an adjunct to surgery shortens the duration of surgery, increases the number of remaining testicular arteries, and optimizes sperm motility to a certain extent after ligation. 25 The research results of Esposito et al 26 indicate that after high ligation of testicular veins and lymph nodes was performed after isosulfonic blue staining, the blocking rate of testicular effusion and pain was higher than that without isosulfonic blue, and preoperative isosulfonic blue injection also can completely eliminate the formation of postoperative hydrocele. Postoperative follow-up is important, and the absence of varicocele and continuous spermatic venous reflux detected by testicular ultrasound can be used as an objective factor for semen parameter improvement.…”