Ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction based ionic liquid-coated Fe3O4@graphene for the determination of nitrobenzene compounds in environmental water samples

Abstract

An ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure with the [C7MIM][PF6] ionic liquid-coated Fe3O4-grafted graphene nanocomposite as the magnetic adsorbent has been developed for the determination of five nitrobenzene compounds (NBs) in environmental water samples, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Several significant factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the types of magnetic nanoparticle and ionic liquid, the volume of ionic liquid and the amount of magnetic nanoparticles, extraction time, ionic strength, and solution pH, were investigated. With the assistance of ultrasound, adsorbing nitrobenzene compounds by ionic liquid and self-aggregating ionic liquid onto the surface of the Fe3O4-grafted graphene proceeded synchronously, which made the extraction achieved the maximum within 20 min using only 144 μL [C7MIM][PF6] and 3 mg Fe3O4-grafted graphene. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory linearities were obtained for all NBs with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9990. The mean recoveries at two spiked levels ranged from 80.35 to 102.77%. Attributed to the convenient magnetic separation, the Fe3O4-grafted graphene could be recycled many times. The proposed method was demonstrated to be feasible, simple, solvent-saving and easy to operate for the trace analysis of NBs in environmental water samples.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Functionalized with Ionic Liquids for Microextraction in Sample Preparation

“…A small amount of magnetic graphene modified with 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was used, due to the high capacity of the material, rendering the method cost-effective. Similar merits were noticed in the method developed by Cao et al for the determination of nitrobenzenes in environmental samples, based on Fe 3 O 4 @graphene coated with 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [42]. The developed method uses an infinitesimal amount of extraction solvent and small sample volumes.…”

Preparation of ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles based on thiol‐ene click chemistry for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and smoked meat samples

“…Liu et al prepared Fe 3 O 4 @ILs@methyl orange nanoadsorbent through self‐assembly for the extraction of target analytes. Cao et al have synthesized IL‐coated Fe 3 O 4 @ grapheme nanocomposites and used to extract nitrobenzene compounds in environmental water samples. The application of IL‐functionalized Fe 3 O 4 has become an important separation technology in sample preparation.…”

Trace analysis of Pt (IV) metal ions in roadside soil and water samples by Fe3O4/graphene/polypyrrole nanocomposite as a solid-phase extraction sorbent followed by atomic absorption spectrometry

“…In recent years, different G-based coatings, such as pure G [39,40], G-grafted silicacoated Fe 3 O 4 [41], [C7MIM] [PF6] ionic liquid-coated Fe 3 O 4 -grafted G [42] and Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @polyaniline-graphene oxide [43], have been used for the development of new sorbents in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The different magnetic sorbents of conducting polymers [44][45][46][47][48][49] are also used for MSPE.…”