Ultrasound‐assisted green economic synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using eggshell biowaste and study of mechanical and biological properties for orthopedic applications

Abstract

Nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the most favorable candidate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering because of its bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Herein, we report for the first time ultrasound-assisted facile and economic approach for the synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Ca (PO ) (OH) ) using recycled eggshell biowaste referred as EHAp. The process involves the reaction of eggshell biowaste as a source of calcium and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate as a phosphate source. Ultrasound-mediated chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) is also carried out using similar approach wherein commercially available calcium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate were used as calcium and phosphate precursors, respectively and referred as CHAp for better comparison. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to determine crystal structure, particle morphology, and the presence of chemical functional groups. The nanocrystalline EHAp and CHAp were observed to have spherical morphology with uniform size distribution. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and compression tests have been studied of the EHAp and CHAp samples showing promising results. Mechanical properties show the influence of calcination at 600°C EHAp and CHAp material. After calcination, in the case of EHAp material an average hardness, mechanical strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness were found 552 MPa, 46.6 MPa, 2824 MPa, and 3.85 MPa m , respectively, while in the case of CHAp 618 MPa, 47.5 MPa, 2071 MPa, and 3.13 MPa m . In vitro cell studies revealed that the EHAp and CHAp nanoparticles significantly increased the attachment and proliferation of the hFOB cells. Here, we showed that EHAp and CHAp provide promising biocompatible materials that do not affect the cell viability and proliferation with enhancing the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts. Moreover, hFOB cells are found to express Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Collagen I, Osteonectin, BMP-2 on the EHAp and CHAp bone graft. This study demonstrates the formation of pure nanocrystalline HAp with promising properties justifying the fact that the eggshell biowaste could be successfully used for the synthesis of HAp with good mechanical and osteogenic properties. These findings may have significant implications for designing of biomaterial for use in orthopedic tissue regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2935-2947, 2017.

Effect of anions on the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

“…The surface morphology and elemental composition of the samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Zeiss, 6027 Merlin compact) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM, FEI Tecnai G2 S-Twin-D 2087, 200 kV). The dielectric and alternating current conductivity properties were further (1) 10Ca…”

“…Novel bioceramic materials are remarkably developed in recent years due to their significant clinical requirements [1]. Similarly, the demands for advanced biomedical devices, tissue engineering applications and other clinical procedures are growing at an enormous rate.…”

Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Differently Structured Nanocellulose-hydroxyapatite Based Composites for Bone Regeneration Application

“…In recent years, sonochemical preparation of narrow-size-distribution nanoparticles [42] (including HA [43,44], calcium phosphate [45], and zinc phosphate [46] has become a promising strategy. It has also been shown suitable for the preparation of cellulose-based nanocomposites, such as cellulose/CaCO 3 [47] and cellulose/Mn 3 O [48], compared with microwave-assisted or oil heating methods [49,50].…”

Eggshell-Derived Nanohydroxyapatite Adsorbent for Defluoridation of Drinking Water from Bofo of Ethiopia

“…More importantly, eggshell supports microbial production that leads to environmental pollution. As per our understanding, only a limited number of researchers have used eggshells for preparing synthetic HA [22][23][24][25]. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to synthesize hydroxyapatite from eggshell through wet chemical precipitation and tested for its defluoridation capacity.…”