Ultrasound assisted extraction of β-carotene from Spirulina platensis

Abstract

This paper illustrates the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of β-carotene from Spirulina platensis. Various parameters such as extraction time, solvent type, biomass to solvent ratio, temperature, electrical acoustic intensity, length of the probe tip dipped into the solvent, duty cycle and pre treatment effect were explored for the extraction of β-carotene. From economic point of view, the optimal conditions for the extraction of β-carotene from Spirulina were 1.5 g Spirulina (2 min pre soaked in methanol) in 50 ml n-heptane at 30 ° C temperature, 167 W/cm(2) electrical acoustic intensity and 61.5% duty cycle for 8 min with probe tip length of 0.5 cm dipped into the extracting solvent from the surface. The maximum extraction achieved under the above mentioned optimum parameters was 47.10%. The pre-treatment time showed a promising effect on the yield as pre-treating the biomass with methanol for 2 min before ultrasonication showed 12 times increase in extraction yield of β-carotene.

KINETICS OF ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF WEDELOLACTONE FROM Eclipta alba

“…Hence the 60% duty cycle was selected as the optimum value as there is no change in extraction yield after 60% duty cycle. Similar results are also reported by Dey and Rathod (2013), who carried out the extraction of β-carotene from Spirulina platensis and Sun et al (2011) who investigated the effects of different factors of ultrasound treatment on the extraction yield of all-trans-β-carotene.…”

Response Surface Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Phycocyanin from Microalgae Spirulina platensis

“…The ultrasound irradiation generates a mechanical effect which increase solvent penetration into the plant material and increase the contact between solvent and plant tissue which accelerate diffusion of extracted solid compound to the solvent (Rostagno et al, 2003). Therefore, the UAE has been widely employed to extract natural compounds, including extraction of phycocyanin (Hadiyanto et al, 2015;Setyoningrum et al, 2015), astaxanthin (Zou et al, 2013), β-carotene (Dey et al, 2013). Moreover, the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) is also recently considered as an efficient technique to extract low molecular weight Phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platenis has been linked to many food colorant and health applications.…”

Improvement of the Extraction Process for High Commercial Value Pigments fromDesmodesmussp. Microalgae

“…This can explain low yields obtained in the industrial process, as described by Dey and Rathod. 18 In addition to that, Wang and Liu 23 described that the acetone:petroleum ether mixture (1:1, v/v) presented better results in pigment extraction of colza biomass when compared to single solvent extractions.…”

“…Most of the methods use potassium hydroxide (KOH) alkaline saponification in ethanol or methanol. 1,9,[16][17][18] However, this treatment leads to degradation and loss of information about the native compounds. In turn, the non-saponified extracts present more complex chromatograms and more pigment information, such as esterified xanthophyll.…”