Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of β-Asarone from Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Rhizome

Abstract

In this study, the extraction efficiency of β-asarone from Malaysian Acorus calamus from Acoraceae family using conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques was compared. The results showed that the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique significantly improves the extraction yields and process feasibility without changing the structure of the active compound, i.e., β-asarone. The extraction yield increment was found to be ~2.5-fold and ~1.6-fold at 1:100 and 1:50 solid-to-solvent ratio, at 30% applied sonication power. The positive impact of sonication can also be observed for both mechanistic stages of extraction, i.e., the washing and diffusion stages, due to the favorable physical effect of acoustic cavitations. The observation was supported by the SEM images of the plant residue. The characterization of the extract was carried out using HPLC, NMR, UV and IR techniques. In conclusion, ultrasound assistance increases the extraction efficiency by ~2.5-fold even at only 30% applied ultrasonic power at a 1:100 solid-to-solvent ratio. The present study also provides an efficient and simple method for accurate direct dosing of Acorus calamus extracts to an application.

Potential Use of Jerangau Rhizome (Acorus calamus L.) as an Antibacterial Agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae

“…This research was successful in obtaining accurate data on color changes because it used a 4th series tube comparison in accordance with previous research which had developed methods for determining MIC and MKC for colored extract test materials [31]. The methods for determining MIC and MKC for plant extracts and antibacterial controls have been previously carried out on Miana leaf extract [32] and 26 types of herbs that have potential for antituberculosis [33]. This will helped differentiating this study from existing studies and underscoring its contribution to the field of natural antibacterial agents.…”