Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Chinese propolis

Abstract

IntroductionPropolis is a beneficial bioactive food with rich polyphenols content. Nowadays, an increasing interest is attracted to the extraction of polyphenols from raw propolis. This study utilized the novel ultrasound-assisted approach for polyphenol extraction from Chinese propolis, aiming to improve its extraction yield and reveal the relevant mechanisms via extraction kinetic study as well as the compositional and structural analysis.MethodsThe optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized according to the total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. Compositional and structural analysis were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results and discussionThe optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were as follows: ratio of liquid to solid, 60:1; ultrasound power, 135 W; ultrasound duration, 20 min. Under the optimum conditions, the antioxidant activities of the extract were increased by 95.55% and 64.46% by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability assay and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability assay, respectively, compared to those obtained by traditional maceration. The second-order kinetics model was employed to study the extraction process; it was found that ultrasound significantly accelerated the extraction of propolis and increased the maximum extraction volume of phenolic compounds. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenol compositions showed that ultrasound did not change the polyphenol types in the extract but it significantly improved the contents of various flavonoids and phenolic acids such as galangin, chrysin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin and isoferulic acid. Likewise, the FT-IR analysis indicated that the types of functional groups were similar in the two extracts. The SEM analysis revealed that the ultrasound-assisted extraction enhanced the contact areas between propolis and ethanol by breaking down the propolis particles and eroding the propolis surface.

Discrimination of Dendropanax morbifera via HPLC fingerprinting and SNP analysis and its impact on obesity by modulating adipogenesis- and thermogenesis-related genes

“…UAE yielded a high amount of the four polyphenols. Zhao et al ( 28 ) extracted flavonoids from Mitragyna speciosa , and Peng et al ( 29 ) isolated polyphenols from Chinese propolis using UAE, microwave-assisted extraction, and Soxhlet extraction. UAE gave a high yield of bioactive compounds compared to the other two methods.…”

“…In agricultural, food, and plant-based sources, they are essential for valuable assessment, labeling, and authentication of medicinal plants. In our study, we selected three genes, two from chloroplast genome (cpDNA) that is has the least evolution rate and one (ITS2) from ribosomal region (rDNA) that is considered one of the best regions for DNA barcoding ( 29 ). In DM, until now, no work on discrimination using SNP has been performed.…”

Potential Antidiabetic Activity of Apis mellifera Propolis Extraction Obtained with Ultrasound

“…The results obtained from ABTS •+ are similar to those reported by [58,59], where they reported 18,640 mg ET/100 g and 21,135 mg ET/100 g, respectively. Peng et al [60] reported maximum values of DPPH • and ABTS •+ of 11,845 mg of TE/100 g and 17,518 mg of TE/100 g, respectively. They were higher than those reported in this study; likewise, Altuntaş et al [61] reported DPPH • values that ranged between 4.672 and 22.823 mg TE/100 g, where they used propolis from Turkey.…”

Efficiency of Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a Green Tool for Polyphenolic Isolation from Monofloral Honeys

“…Specifically for honey treatments, higher losses of phenolic compounds (48.5%) were observed when honey was melted using ultrasonic treatment at 45 • C, 60 W, and 90 min [30]. The optimum UAE conditions for Chinese propolis were 40 • C, ultrasound time 20 min, and ultrasound power 135 W [42]. Chaikham et al [18] subjected honey samples to various ultrasound treatments (20-60% amplitude/20 kHz/5-20 min), and samples heated at 50 and 70 • C for 5 min showed the highest content of phenolic compounds probably due to ultrasound stimulation and the disintegration of pollen.…”