Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Different Maturity Stages and Fruit Parts of Cordia dodecandra A. DC.: Quantification and Identification by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS

Abstract

In the present work, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and phenolic profile from pulp (PU) and peel (PE) extracts obtained from the ciricote (Cordia dodecandra A. DC.) fruit by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in immature (IM), semimature (SM), and mature (MM) stages were investigated. The effect of the diameter of the ultrasonic probe in the IM stage was also evaluated. The TPC and antioxidant activity in IM fruit extracts by UAE increased up to 11.01 and 23.82 times, respectively, compared to the maceration method. The main phenolic compounds in the PE of IM fruit identified by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS were quantified as caffeic acid, rutin, and rosmarinic acid, distributed as 45.82, 41.45, and 12.72%, respectively. The PE extracts of IM fruit obtained with the 3 mm diameter probe had 1.27, 2.44, and 1.37 times the TPC (19.93 ± 0.28 mg GAE (Gallic equivalents) g−1 dw), TFC (34.85 ± 4.99 mg RE (Rutin equivalents) g−1 dw), and antioxidant activity (122.09 ± 17.09 µTE (Trolox equivalents) g−1 (DPPH)), respectively, compared to those obtained with a 13 mm diameter probe. The results obtained suggest the use of the ciricote native fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, directly as fresh fruit or processed, thus helping to increase its production and consumption.

A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies

“…The function of the ultrasonic horn is to magnify the amplitude produced by the ultrasonic transducer. The geometric shapes of the ultrasonic horn include uniform cylinder [75] , flat [76] , hemispherical [77] , conical [78] , etc. The magnification of the amplitude is determined by the configuration of the ultrasonic horn.…”

Antioxidant Potential and Known Secondary Metabolites of Rare or Underutilized Plants of Yucatan Region

“…The main phenolic compounds in C. dodecandra, identified via UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, were quantified as caffeic acid, rutin, and rosmarinic acid and distributed as 45.82%, 41.45%, and 12.72%, respectively. The antioxidant effects were mainly associated with caffeic (C 9 H 8 O 4 ) and rosmarinic acids [36].…”

Evaluation of the Biological Properties of an Optimized Extract of Polygonum cuspidatum Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction

“…A negative control (MEM medium Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was performed using a Waters Xevo TQ-S instrument (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The conditions used for identifying the bioactive compounds from the optimized extract by comparing fingerprint and MS data were those previously reported [49,50]. Resveratrol and piceid were identified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), a sensitive method of targeted MS. For acquisition and data processing, MassLynx V4.1 software was employed (Waters, Milford, MA, USA).…”