Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents Extraction of Polysaccharides From Morchella importuna: Optimization, Physicochemical Properties, and Bioactivities

Abstract

In this study, a high-efficiency and non-pollution extraction procedure, ultrasound-assisted technique with deep eutectic solvents (DESs), was applied for extraction of polysaccharides from Morchella importuna (MIP-D). The results exhibited that the system of DES was: mole ratio between choline chloride and oxalic acid of 2:1, water content of 90% (v/v), and the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 62.1°C, and the liquid–solid ratio of 32.5:1 (v/w). Under these extraction parameters, the extraction yield of MIP-D was 4.5 times higher than hot water extraction (HWE) method and had higher carbohydrate (85.27%) and sulfate contents (34.16%). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectrum analysis indicated that MIP-D was comprised of glucosamine, galactose, glucose, and mannose, with molar ratios of 0.39:1.88:3.82:3.91, which contained the pyranose ring skeleton. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis revealed that MIP-D showed three fractions with molecular weights of 2.6 × 106, 7.3 × 104, and 3.7 × 103 Da, which were lower than those of polysaccharides extracted by HWE. In-vitro tests proved that MIP-D possessed excellent antioxidant and inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Therefore, DESs (choline chloride-oxalic acid) as a high-efficiency and non-pollution solvent alternative can be applied to the separation of bioactive polysaccharides from Morchella importuna (M. importuna).

Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Polysaccharides from Anji White Tea: Characterization and Comparison with the Conventional Method

“…It may be attributed to the polysaccharide glycosidic bonds, and the branched chain structure was easily destroyed by the combination of ultrasound and DES [36]. Similarly, Pan et al [37] found that the total carbohydrate of polysaccharide from Morchella importuna extracted by ultrasound-assisted DES (85.27%) was markedly higher than that of HW (57.89%). Collectively, the differences in the extraction yield and the total carbohydrate content may be correlated with the type of extraction method chosen, and ultrasound-assisted DES extraction could be a promising extraction strategy with high extraction yield and total carbohydrate content.…”

A comprehensive review of the application of ultrasonication in the production and processing of edible mushrooms: Drying, extraction of bioactive compounds, and post-harvest preservation

“… [107] Morchella importuna f = 40 kHz, P = 600 W, liquid–solid ratio = 32.5:1 (v/w), t = 31.2 min, T = 62.1 °C Polysaccharides The extraction rate of mushroom polysaccharides under optimal conditions of ultrasonication was 4.5 times higher than that using hot water. [108] A. bisporus by-products m = 3 g, V = 30 mL, f = 24 kHz, P = 400 W, amplitude levels: 20, 60, and 100 µm, t = 0, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min Water-soluble polysaccharides Ultrasonic technology is beneficial to the extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from byproducts of A. bisporus . [109] Tuber aestivum P = 150 W, pH: 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, amplitude = 25 %, 30 %, and 35 %, liquid–solid ratio: = 75, 80, and 85, t = 15, 20, and 25 min Polysaccharides Truffle polysaccharides obtained by ultrasonic extraction had comparable properties to those obtained using hot water, and ultrasonic extraction did not affect the properties of the polysaccharides.…”

Deep-eutectic-solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from maca: Optimization using Taguchi methodology and comparison with the conventional method

“…The preparation of DESs adhered to the thermal protocol described by Pan et al (2022). Within this procedure, individual DES, including choline chloride-glycerin (CCG), choline chloride-urea (CCU), and choline chloride-ethylene glycol (CCEG), was composed of two parts at a molar ratio of 1:2.…”

“…Therefore, in extracting the target ingredient, not only the extraction technique but also the solvent selection is very important. Recently, as interest in eco-friendly solvents that can replace existing organic solvents increases, extraction methods using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging (Pan et al, 2022). DESs can be prepared by simply mixing two or more non-toxic substances: a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond donor (HBD).…”

“…Bioactive substances can be obtained from plants through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the DESs and the target components . DESs also have bene ts such as excellent solubilizing power, thermal stability, simple preparation, low cost, and lack of pollution (Pan et al, 2022).…”