Ultrasound assessment of carotid arteries: Current concepts, methodologies, diagnostic criteria, and technological advancements

Murray, Christopher S. G.; Nahar, Tamanna; Kalashyan, Hayrapet; Becher, Harald; Nanda, Navin C.

doi:10.1111/echo.14197

Cited by 55 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…CIMT is defined as the distance between the lumen–intima and the media–adventitial interfaces of a segment of the carotid artery and can reflect progression of atherosclerosis or non-atherosclerotic enlargement of the arterial wall. Variability in the measurement of CIMT makes it difficult to compare between studies or combine results from different studies [ 31 ]. Despite these limitations, many studies have demonstrated that CIMT is associated with the presence and severity of atherosclerosis and predicts cardiovascular events, as reviewed by Katakami et al [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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Matrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been associated with vascular calcification and are responsive to vitamin K treatment. In this systematic review, we summarize the available evidence examining whether vitamin K supplementation improves surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease including artery and valve calcification, atherosclerosis and artery stiffening. Data from controlled trials of adults were obtained by searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science Core Collection. We identified nine randomized controlled trials for review, including trials of vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 supplementation, that assessed a surrogate measure of cardiovascular disease including arterial calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffening. For each trial, the risk of bias was assessed applying Cochrane Collaboration methodology. The findings indicate that vitamin K does not consistently prevent progression of calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness. There may be some benefit in people with calcification at study entry. Studies were heterogenous, with relatively short follow-up and outcome measures were varied. While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the above mentioned data, the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and atherosclerosis is still debated, although hyperlipidemia is usually present (79, 95). Carotid artery intima-media thickness measurement remains a long-standing and reliable diagnostic modality used to assess vascular morbidity at an early stage (96). A recent study revealed that carotid artery intima-media thickness is significantly higher in patients with both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism compared with normal control subjects (97).…”

Section: Atherosclerosis and Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in Thyroid Disorders

et al. 2019

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Arterial hypertension represents a major global health concern; more than one fourth of the population is affected by high blood pressure. Albeit the underlying cause of the disease remains unclear in the vast majority of the cases, ~10% are of secondary origin. Endocrine disorders are common illnesses and some of them may lead to elevated blood pressure, among which thyroid diseases are of high prevalence and often overlooked, especially in mild cases. Overt and subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism can both lead to (mostly mild) hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. The results of clinical studies are often controversial. During the past decades, some genetic mutations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis with cardiovascular consequences were revealed. Atherosclerotic changes resulting from lipid abnormalities due to thyroid dysfunction also affect the vasculature and can cause elevated blood pressure. The review gives a synopsis of our knowledge how thyroid hormone metabolism and functional thyroid diseases affect the cardiovascular system, their negative impact and causative role in the development of hypertension.

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“…CP, which can also be effectively detected by vascular ultrasound, is a manifestation of atherosclerosis and appears to be a stronger cardiovascular risk predictor in comparison to IMT measurements alone. 12,13 MetS is regarded as a marker of higher cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between carotid artery changes, which can be evaluated by distinct ultrasound parameters, and OAB symptoms in women with MeTS has not been properly investigated so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Is There a Link Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Among Women with Metabolic Syndrome?</p>

Schimit

Gregório

Averbeck

et al. 2020

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Purpose: To evaluate the association between increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic carotid plaque (CP) with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) in women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which included consecutive women aged 40-75 years with MetS, seeking medical assistance at a reference center between April and December 2016. OAB-V8 questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of OAB symptoms, which were defined by a score ≥8 points. All patients underwent bilateral carotid artery ultrasound to assess IMT and CP. Atherosclerosis was defined by the identification of CP during ultrasound, which was diagnosed according to the Mannheim carotid intimamedia thickness and plaque consensus. Results: Forty-five women were prospectively included. Mean age was 60±9.3 years (range 40-75 ys). Eighteen (40%) patients were diagnosed with OAB. IMT in the general population was 0.72 mm (SD = 0.20). Overall prevalence of atherosclerosis, defined by the presence of the carotid artery plaque, was 51%. OAB prevalence among women with atherosclerosis was higher than in those without atherosclerosis (56.52% versus 22.73%), with a prevalence ratio of 2.49 (p=0.04). Additionally, OAB was associated with degree of carotid stenosis (p = 0.029). Conclusion: In this cohort of female patients with MetS, there was an association between carotid atherosclerosis and OAB. Identification of carotid ultrasound abnormalities may lead to refined treatment decision-making among OAB patients.

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Ultrasound assessment of carotid arteries: Current concepts, methodologies, diagnostic criteria, and technological advancements

Cited by 55 publications

References 79 publications

Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials

Hypertension in Thyroid Disorders

<p>Is There a Link Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Among Women with Metabolic Syndrome?</p>

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