Ultrasound and Nano‐Catalysts: An Ideal and Sustainable Combination to Carry out Diverse Organic Transformations

Abstract

The nano-sized catalysts are more effective than the traditional homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in bulk state. On the other hand, ultrasound-assisted strategy offers several advantages such as higher reaction rates, better yields, cost effective, environmentally benign as compared to traditional methods.Therefore, a fruitful combination of nano-catalyst and ultrasound is one of the effective tools to carry out diverse organic transformations. The present review deals with the latest developments on various nano-particles catalyzed organic synthesis under the influence of ultrasonic irradiation.

Glycerol: An Optimal Hydrogen Source for Microwave-Promoted Cu-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene to Aniline

“…The influence of US irradiation, given that the CuNPs usually aggregate, was investigated in order to improve reaction rate. US is known for its capacity to enhance particle dispersion and favor mechanical depassivation (Banerjee, 2019). Particlesize distribution was therefore measured before and after US treatment.…”

Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TBAB) Catalyzed Synthesis of Bioactive Heterocycles

“…For the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic entities, the screening of suitable catalysts plays an important role [ 17 ]. At present, scientists prefer metal-free organocatalysts in order to avoid metal contamination in the synthesized products.…”

Synergistic Effect between Ultrasound Irradiation and Na 2 CO 3 in N ‐Acylation Reaction: Applied for the Synthesis of Novel N ‐Acylcyanamide Derivatives

“…The application of this alternative energy in organic synthesis accelerates chemical processes via cavitation . This method consists of the formation, growth, and finally collapse of bubbles in a short time, which releases localized hot spots with harsh conditions such as high pressure and high temperature . Ultrasound irradiation, can accelerate chemical reactions and creating reactions faster than conventional methods along with the formation of pure products in higher yields .…”

“…[26] This method consists of the formation, growth, and finally collapse of bubbles in a short time, which releases localized hot spots with harsh conditions such as high pressure and high temperature. [27,28] Ultrasound irradiation, can accelerate chemical reactions and creating reactions faster than conventional methods along with the formation of pure products in higher yields. [29][30][31][32] Therefore, in this study, we try to compare the efficacy of ultrasound irradiation and conventional conditions, for the preparation of N-acylcyanamides via a base-promoted N-acylation approach.…”