Ultrasound and histopathological investigations of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in goats

Fasulkov, Ivan; Karadaev, Manol; Vasilev, Nasko; Simeonov, R.; Urumova, V.; Mladenova, Eleonora

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.05.018

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Twenty-five lactating local breed goats were used, weighing 36-45 kg and ranging in age from 2-5 years in early lactation to mid-lactation, 5 does isolated as a negative control group and 20 of them were inoculated intramammary in the two halves of each female mammary gland with 1 ml contains 1.5×10 8 cfu/ml field strain of S. aureus isolated from caprine mastitis milk according to (11).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of caprine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Dujaily¹,

Mahmood²

2021

IJVS

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The aim of the present study is to determine the efficiency of silver nanoparticles in mastitis treatment induced by Staphylococcus aureus, 20 lactating goats were infected intramammary inoculated with 1.5×10 8 cfu/ml of virulence Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of caprine mastitis and at 48hr post inoculation, the animals were divided randomly into four groups equally, 1 st group left without treatment as control positive, 2 nd group treated intramammary infusion with 5 ml Silver nanoparticle after 2h from infection daily for 3 consecutive days, 3 rd group treated intramammary infusion with 5 ml Silver nanoparticle after 72h from infection daily for 3 consecutive days, 4 th group treated intramammary infusion with 5 ml Silver nanoparticle mixed with gentamycin after 72h from infection daily for 3 consecutive days. The silver nanoparticles used in this study were created using a green method from Bacillus clausii. The Scanning electron microscope was spherical and homogeneous form, with a size range of 25 to 45 nm. Results showed severe clinical signs of the mammary gland with heavy bacterial isolation in 1st control groups at 3, 6-, 9-, 14-and 21-days post infection, while animals that were intramammary treated with Silver nanoparticle alone or combination with gentamycin showed a disappearance in clinical signs of the mammary gland and bacterial isolation, it was concluded that Silver nanoparticle had a strong action against mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of caprine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Dujaily¹,

Mahmood²

2021

IJVS

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“…According to several researchers, a healthy goat mammary parenchyma is imaged (B-mode ultrasonographic) as a homogeneous, hyperechoic structure, with anechoic zones, corresponding to parts of blood vessels or lactiferous ducts; the teat canal is seen as a dense white hyperechoic line, surrounded on both sides by parallel dense hypoechoic zones; and the sinus lactiferous is imaged as an anechoic to the hypoechoic structure at the lower part of the gland [122][123][124]. In the presence of clinical IMI, previous studies revealed qualitative changes in parenchymal homogeneity and echogenicity, with low mean pixel values for healthy glands and higher echogenicity for infected ones [16,121,[125][126][127]. In chronic indurative mastitis, a loss of the parenchyma's normal granular pattern and a lack of the anechoic milk canals can be observed, with the presence of hyperechoic structures, representing the increase in connective tissue [119,128].…”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and Non-infectious Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count and New Diagnostic Approaches of Intramammary Infections in Dairy Goats: A Review

Margatho

Quintas

Rodríguez-Estévez

et al. 2021

CCS

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Background: Intramammary infections constitute a major animal health and economic problem in commercial dairy goat farms, being responsible for decreases in milk yield, for alter milk composition, and lower milk quality. Objectives: This paper reviews the published literature during last three decades, highlighting the multiplicity of non-infectious and infectious factors that influence somatic cells count (SCC). Besides that, it intends to contributes to understand the conventional diagnostic methods and its limitations, and supports the implementation of new technologies for an efficient mastitis control, including the use of infrared thermography and ultrasonography. Methods: A search on Medline, ScienceDirect and University Institutional Repositories databases was performed using “goats AND mastitis OR intramammary infections OR somatic cells count” for publications from 1990 to present (2020). Results: A total of 144 publications were selected. The SCC is the most important criteria to evaluate the inflammatory status of the mammary glands in goats, but several non-infectious factors (e.g., phenotypic, reproductive, lactational factors) should be taken in consideration for it interpretation. Bacteria and fungi as well lentivirus are commonly responsive for intramammary infections. Intermittent secretion or environmental contamination of milk pathogens, costs and time delay pose challenges using conventional diagnosis methods. Ultrasonographic and thermographic techniques applied to the udder seems to be diagnostic value in acute and chronic mastitis. Conclusions: Unlike other ruminants species, non-infectious factors have a major impact on SCC which should be taken in account for mastitis diagnosis, and according to milk pathogens detection. Further research in imagological techniques is need to accurately contributes to implant new mastitis control strategies.

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“…Specifically, increased echogenicity is recorded in the case of udder inflammation or degeneration [ 5 ]. Previous studies have revealed large hyperechoic zones in udder parenchyma during ultrasonographic examination after an experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis infection in goats [ 10 ]. Moreover, the udder parenchyma was characterized as inhomogeneous hyperechoic or granular, having scattered thin hyperechoic septa, after the ewes were intramammarily infected with different Mycoplasma agalactiae mutants [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ewes’ Udder Health on Echotexture and Blood Flow Changes during the Dry and Lactation Periods

Ntemka

Tsakmakidis

Boscos

et al. 2022

Animals

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The objective of the current study was to investigate the echotextural and hemodynamic changes of ewes entering the dry period with or without subclinical mastitis. B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography were applied to 12 Chios ewes (6 with healthy udders (group A) and 6 with subclinical mastitis (group B)) before the dry period, during the dry period (the involution phase, steady state, and transition phase), and postpartum. The color Doppler of the mammary arteries was used to evaluate them according to the pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), blood flow volume (BFV), and artery diameter (D). Udder parenchyma images, analyzed by Echovet v2.0, were used to evaluate the mean value (MV), standard deviation (SD), gradient mean value (GMV), gradient variance (GV), contrast (Con), entropy (Ent), gray value distribution (GVD), run length distribution (RunLD), and long run emphasis (LRunEm). In the involution phase, the PI was higher in group B compared to group A (p ≤ 0.05). The PI and RI were higher postpartum, whereas the EDV, TAVM, and D were higher in the transition phase (p ≤ 0.05). Neither the period nor the ewe group affected the MV, SD, GMV, GV, Con, and GVD values (p ≤ 0.05). In the steady state, the LRunEm was higher in group B, but postpartum, it was higher in group A (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, B-mode and Doppler can reveal differences (i) between healthy ewes and ewes with subclinical mastitis and (ii) among the different periods studied. Further research is needed on the blood flow and echotexture indices of the udders of ewes with unilateral subclinical mastitis.

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Ultrasound and histopathological investigations of experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in goats

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

The effectiveness of biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of caprine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

The effectiveness of biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of caprine mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Infectious and Non-infectious Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count and New Diagnostic Approaches of Intramammary Infections in Dairy Goats: A Review

The Role of Ewes’ Udder Health on Echotexture and Blood Flow Changes during the Dry and Lactation Periods

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