Ultrasonographical and Morphological Examination of Subependymal Cystic Lesions in Maturely Born Infants

Mito, Takashi; Ando, Yumiko; Takeshita, K; Takada, K.; Takashima, S

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1071295

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Subependymal cysts and subependymal germinolysis have been described in the clinical literature; however, the demise of the cells in the germinal matrix has been generally attributed to rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, radiation or anti-mitotic drugs [25]. The demonstration that hypoxia/ischemia in the immature rat without hemorrhage or infection dramatically and chronically depletes the SVZ is a novel finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hypoxia/Ischemia Depletes the Rat Perinatal Subventricular Zone of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Neural Stem Cells

Levison¹,

Rothstein²,

Romanko³

et al. 2001

Dev Neurosci

162

123

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Cerebral hypoxia/ischemia of the newborn has a frequency of 4/1,000 births and remains a major cause of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and mental retardation. Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic injury, the data are incomplete regarding the mechanisms leading to permanent brain injury. Here we tested the hypothesis that cerebral hypoxia/ischemia damages stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), resulting in a permanent depletion of oligodendrocytes. We used a widely accepted rat model and examined animals at recovery intervals ranging from 4 h to 3 weeks. Within hours after the hypoxic-ischemic insult 20% of the total cells were deleted from the SVZ. The residual damaged cells appeared necrotic. During 48 h of recovery deaths accumulated; however, these later deaths were predominantly apoptotic. Many apoptotic SVZ cells stained with a marker for immature oligodendrocytes. At 3 weeks survival, the SVZ was smaller and markedly less cellular, and it contained less than 1/4 the normal complement of neural stem cells. The corresponding subcortical white matter was dysmyelinated, relatively devoid of oligodendrocytes and enriched in astrocytes. We conclude that neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitors in the SVZ are vulnerable to hypoxia/ischemia. Consequently, the developmental production of oligodendrocytes is compromised and regeneration of damaged white matter oligodendrocytes does not occur resulting in failed regeneration of CNS myelin in periventricular loci. The resulting dysgenesis of the brain that occurs subsequent to perinatal hypoxic/ischemic injury may contribute to the cognitive and motor dysfunction that results from asphyxia of the newborn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hypoxia/Ischemia Depletes the Rat Perinatal Subventricular Zone of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Neural Stem Cells

Levison¹,

Rothstein²,

Romanko³

et al. 2001

Dev Neurosci

162

123

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“…SEP were reported in 0.5–5% of healthy term infants,2 20 21 in 3–5.23% of preterm infants21–24 and in 4.1% of all admissions to a neonatal unit 25. SEP are associated with congenital infections, especially cytomegalovirus and rubella,21 23 24 26–28 with many metabolic disorders, for example Zellweger syndrome, mitochondrial disorders and sulphite oxidase deficiency,29 congenital abnormalities such as cardiac defects21 30 and a host of genetic abnormalities. A recent meta-analysis showed that there is a 20–25% chance of an underlying chromosomal anomaly or congenital infection if bilateral SEP are found on cUS;31 however, that review included asymptomatic and symptomatic term and preterm infants and not just term infants considered clinically normal as in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial ultrasound findings in well newborn Ugandan infants

Hagmann

Robertson

Acolet

et al. 2010

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Apparently well term-born Ugandan infants frequently have abnormalities on cUS. These are mainly increased WM echogenicity, SEP and CPC. These may relate to the reported high incidence of congenital infections in this population but this remains to be confirmed. The observations provide baseline data for comparison with scans from sick infants from similar communities and are also important for studies in which cUS will be used to assess progress. Original article ABSTRACTBackground There has been no study assessing cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans in newborn infants born in equatorial Africa.

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“…Subependymal cysts seem to have a good prognosis if isolated [3,5], but the exclusion of other pathologies should be exhaustive, including neuronal migration disorders and other extracranial anomalies [7,8], apart from the ones referred before. Nevertheless, prenatal parental counseling is not simple even in isolated subependymal cysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Fetal Subependymal Cysts throughout Gestation

Correa

Lara²,

Carreras³

et al. 2013

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Subependymal cysts are secondary to brain germinal matrix hemorrhage or infarction and are associated with fetal chromosomal and metabolic conditions, as well as infections. They are found in 1-3% of neonates in the first days of life and have been described in fetuses, although much less frequently. We report the prenatal diagnosis of a case of subependymal cysts first visualized at 12 weeks' gestation and its evolution throughout pregnancy and after birth. As far as we know, this is the first time that such a condition is described before 16 weeks' gestation as well as its longitudinal evolution. Knowledge that subependymal cysts can be seen as early as 12 weeks' gestation and their natural evolution is important to avoid equivocal diagnoses. The prognosis of isolated subependymal cysts remains uncertain.

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Ultrasonographical and Morphological Examination of Subependymal Cystic Lesions in Maturely Born Infants

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Hypoxia/Ischemia Depletes the Rat Perinatal Subventricular Zone of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Neural Stem Cells

Hypoxia/Ischemia Depletes the Rat Perinatal Subventricular Zone of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Neural Stem Cells

Cranial ultrasound findings in well newborn Ugandan infants

Evolution of Fetal Subependymal Cysts throughout Gestation

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