Ultrasonographic parameters of the liver, spleen and kidneys among a cohort of school children in Sri Lanka

Warnakulasuriya, D. T. D.; Peries, Pattiya Pathirennahalage Uddika Chamila; Rathnasekara, Yaddehi Arachchillage Chaminda; Jayawardena, KaluArachchige Thushari Madurika; Upasena, A.; Wickremasinghe, Anada Rajitha

doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0943-4

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results of our study are in accordance with the findings of those studies. On the other hand, in some studies weight or age correlate better with splenic length ( 3 , 13 , 19 – 22 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The relationship between splenic length in healthy children from the Eastern Anatolia Region and sex, age, body height and weight

Özdikici

2018

J Ultrason

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PurposesThe normal limits of spleen size must be known in order for pathological changes to be noticed. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the normal limits of spleen size in healthy children and to reveal their relation to sex, age, body height and weight.Patients and methodsThree hundred and ten children (150 girls and 160 boys) between 0–16 years of age in Eastern Anatolia Region who had normal spleen ultrasound appearances were included in this study. The greatest longitudinal distance of the spleen from the dome to the tip (splenic length) measured at the hilum in the coronal plane was obtained by ultrasonography.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the sexes in children. Also, no statistically significant differences were found between the two sexes in any age group for splenic length (t-test, p > 0.05). Therefore, all data were rearranged without being separated according to sex. The correlation analysis has shown a positive and significant correlation between splenic length and age, body height, and weight, with high correlation coefficients (r > 0.80). Splenic length showed the strongest correlation with body height.ConclusionIn children clinically suspected of organomegaly, splenic length can be used to assess organ size. The presented data can be applied to routine ultrasonography examinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…There are no significant differences between the sexes in children. Sex certainly is not a determining factor for organ dimensions in the pediatric age group ( 3 , 10 , 12 , 13 ) . We did not find any significant difference in spleen sizes between the two sexes of any age group (t-test, p > 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between splenic length in healthy children from the Eastern Anatolia Region and sex, age, body height and weight

Özdikici

2018

J Ultrason

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“…The correlations of the anthropometric body indices versus dimensions of several body organs have been documented in litearture [9, 10]. It is well known that renal size is related to age, height and weight of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic length of morphologically-normal kidneys in children presented to a premier tertiary healthcare setting of Sri Lanka

Duminda¹,

Pathirana

Fernando

et al. 2019

BMC Nephrol

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Background Accurate prediction of reference ranges of renal lengths facilitates clinical decision making. Currently a single renal-length-reference chart is used for both kidneys, which is solely based on the age of the child without adjusting for anthropometrics. Objective of the study is to assess the length of morphologically-normal kidneys ultrasonically and to build models to predict the renal lengths of children presenting at the Radiology Department of Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was done among 424 children with 233 males and 191 females at the study setting. Study population included children undergoing abdominal ultrasound scans for indications not related to renal disease. Children with a family history of renal diseases or with morphologically-abnormal kidneys were excluded. Bipolar-lengths of kidneys, gender and anthropometrics were documented. Having tested for assumptions, Wilcoxon-signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression were used. Results The mean (SD) bipor-length of right and left kidneys were 6.83 (1.43) and 7.05 (1.36) respectively ( p < 0.001). Age, height and weight were significantly correlated with the renal lengths ( p < 0.05). Until 16 months, there was a significant difference between the renal lengths between males and females ( P < 0.05). Yet the association with gender was not significant from 17 months and in overall. Until 16 months, the best linear-regression equation ( p < 0.001) for the left kidney was; 3.827 + 0.019(length in centimeters) + 0.141(weight in kilograms) - 0.023(age in months) - 0.347(for male sex). For the right kidney, it was; 3.888 + 0.020(length or height) + 0.121(weight) - 0.037(age) - 0.372 (for male sex). The respective R squares were 59.2 and 53.5% with VIF (Variance-Inflation-Factor) ranging from 1.06 to 2.08. From 17 months, best equation for left kidney (p < 0.001) was; 5.651+ 0.022(age) + 0.01(BMI). For right kidney it was; 5.336 + 0.022(age) + 0.012(BMI). The R squares were 62.5 and 66.1% with VIF being 1. Conclusions The established models explain more variability for children above 17 months. Both renal lengths are affected significant by the body’s’ anthropometric parameters. For each kidney, separate normograms of renal lengths which are local-context-specific must be prepared. Further research must be promoted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1377-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“… 6 , 9 , 10 , 14 - 15 However, in a few other studies, the patient's weight showed the strongest correlation with splenic length. 16 , 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic measurements for spleen size in healthy Saudi children and correlation with body parameters

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is commonly the first-line imaging modality for assessing the visceral organ dimensions without any risk of radiation. An abnormal size of the spleen may indicate disease, but the evaluation is challenging because of the normal size changes with age. In addition, published normal value charts for children may vary by population and methods. OBJECTIVES: Determine normal growth curves for splenic length in relationship to sex, age, body weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area of healthy children in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN: A retrospective review of ultrasonography images SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We included all normal ultrasonography exams of splenic length (from full-term neonates to 16 years of age) performed between 2003 and 2018. The greatest longitudinal distance of the spleen from the dome to the tip (splenic length) measured at the hilum in the coronal plane was obtained by ultrasonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between the longitudinal length of the spleen and sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area. SAMPLE SIZE: 1028 healthy children RESULTS: Height had the most significant correlation with the length of the spleen ( P <.001). There was a consistent difference in splenic length according to sex. The spleen was longer in males than in females in children older than 2 years. In terms of splenic growth according to age, our data showed a statistically significant correlation between the ages of 0-24 months and 2-16 years. There was a significant difference between cases from Saudi Arabia, the United States ( P =.023) and India ( P =.045). CONCLUSION: We developed scatter plots between splenic lengths and body parameters among Saudi children for children from 0 day to 24 months and children from 2 years to 16 years for reference. LIMITATION: Retrospective study. Ultrasound techniques in patient positioning, and cursor placement differed from other studies, which can affect measurements of splenic length. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.

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Ultrasonographic parameters of the liver, spleen and kidneys among a cohort of school children in Sri Lanka

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

The relationship between splenic length in healthy children from the Eastern Anatolia Region and sex, age, body height and weight

The relationship between splenic length in healthy children from the Eastern Anatolia Region and sex, age, body height and weight

Ultrasonographic length of morphologically-normal kidneys in children presented to a premier tertiary healthcare setting of Sri Lanka

Sonographic measurements for spleen size in healthy Saudi children and correlation with body parameters

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