Ultrasonographic measures of body fatness and their relationship with plasma levels and adipose tissue expression of four adipokines in Welsh pony mares

Staub, Christophe; Venturi, Éric; Cirot, Marine; Leonard, Lisa; Barrière, P.; Blard, Thierry; Gaude, Yvan; Gascogne, Thierry; Yvon, Jean-Marie; Lecompte, François; Ramé, Christelle; Reigner, Fabrice; Dupont, Joëlle

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.02.002

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We are only aware of one previous work in which resistin has been measured in equine plasma. Staub et al [ 29 ] reported resistin values in healthy Welsh ponies, which were higher (25.78 ± 4.20 ng/mL) than what we have observed. It is unlikely that the difference is related to breed (ponies vs. horses).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…The assay demonstrated strong performance for the measurement of plasma resistin concentrations, and our internal validation showed the ability to measure horse resistin with imprecision values lower than 5%, which is considered acceptable for the quantification of biological samples. These results showed a performance similar to a previously used ELISA method [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The mechanisms that influence the elevation of resistin associated with inflammation are not well known. It is believed that resistin may be released by monocytes and macrophages [ 29 , 47 ], and resistin also contributes to the synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and to differentiation of monocytes into macrophages [ 35 , 48 ]. Furthermore, it has been shown that resistin binds to toll-like receptors (TLR-4) and adenylyl cyclase-associated proteins (CAP-1) to initiate the inflammatory response both in humans and in mice [ 39 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reports have mentioned resistin as a factor that may represent a link between obesity and insulin dysregulation [ 9 , 28 ]. To our knowledge, there is only one study that has measured resistin in horses [ 29 ], and in this study, resistin is correlated with an increase in adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders

Fuentes-Romero

Muñoz-Prieto

Cerón

et al. 2021

Animals

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Obesity and its associated complications, such as metabolic syndrome, are an increasing problem in both humans and horses in the developed world. The expression patterns of resistin differ considerably between species. In rodents, resistin is expressed by adipocytes and is related to obesity and ID. In humans, resistin is predominantly produced by inflammatory cells, and resistin concentrations do not reflect the degree of obesity, although they may predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of resistin and its relationship with ID and selected indicators of inflammation in horses. Seventy-two horses, included in one of the four following groups, were studied: healthy controls (C, n = 14), horses with inflammatory conditions (I, n = 21), horses with mild ID (ID1, n = 18), and horses with severe ID (ID2, n = 19). Plasma resistin concentrations were significantly different between groups and the higher values were recorded in the I and ID2 groups (C: 2.38 ± 1.69 ng/mL; I: 6.85 ± 8.38 ng/mL; ID1: 2.41 ± 2.70 ng/mL; ID2: 4.49 ± 3.08 ng/mL). Plasma resistin was not correlated with basal insulin concentrations. A significant (r = 0.336, p = 0.002) correlation was found between resistin and serum amyloid A. Our results show that, as is the case in humans, plasma resistin concentrations in horses are predominantly related to inflammatory conditions and not to ID. Horses with severe ID showed an elevation in resistin that may be secondary to the inflammatory status associated with metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders

Fuentes-Romero

Muñoz-Prieto

Cerón

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Although significant weight loss and decreased WC were recorded in the treatment group, these changes were not reflected in the remaining morphological parameters measured including BCS or the subcutaneous fat ultrasound measurements. This is consistent with another study of 12 overweight/obese horses that were submitted to exercise-induced weight loss but had no change in subcutaneous fat measurements (44) and supported by the long periods taken to change subcutaneous fat levels significantly as measured by ultrasound analysis (24,45). A previous diet restriction study in horses with EMS did show a similar reduction in WC to that observed in the current study, with a corresponding decrease in BCS (41).…”

Section: Morphological Parameters/ussupporting

confidence: 92%

A Multiomic Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Weight Loss Program on the Intestinal Health of Overweight Horses

et al. 2021

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Obesity is endemic in human populations in the western society, and with mounting evidence that the intestinal ecological environment plays a major role in its pathogenesis, identification of therapies based on intestinal microbiota modulation are gaining attention. Obesity in companion animals is also a common clinical problem. We set out using a multidimensional approach, to determine the effectiveness and safety of a weight loss program for horses incorporating diet restriction and exercise. In addition, we aimed to investigate the effect of this program on the overall intestinal health of overweight sedentary horses. The investigation comprised of a randomized, controlled, 6-week study of 14 overweight sedentary horses and ponies who were blocked for age, gender, and breed (controls n = 7, treatment n = 7). The treatment group were fed a restricted diet (1.4% of body weight dry matter intake) and the control group a maintenance diet (2% of body weight as dry matter intake) over the study period. The treatment group were subjected to a prescribed exercise regime, while the control group were exercised to mimic foraging conditions. Several clinical measurements were taken at the start and end of the study, including morphological parameters, ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat, and blood pressure. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and fecal metabolome was analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, on samples taken at weeks 1, 3, and 6 of the study. All horses completed the study period successfully. However, two of the treatment group had to have modified exercise regimes. The treatment group showed significant weight loss (p < 0.00001) and an associated decrease in waste circumference (p < 0.0001) when compared with the control group. The alpha-diversity of the fecal microbiota in the treatment group showed a significant increase from the start to the end of the study period (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between groups at any sampling point. There were significant changes (p < 0.05) in the metabolome in both groups between the start and end of the study, but not between groups at any sampling point. Finally, the resting blood pressure of all horses was significantly lower by the end of the study.

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Nutritional Considerations When Dealing with an Obese Adult Equine

Shepherd

Harris²,

Martinson

2021

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Ultrasonographic measures of body fatness and their relationship with plasma levels and adipose tissue expression of four adipokines in Welsh pony mares

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders

Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders

A Multiomic Approach to Investigate the Effects of a Weight Loss Program on the Intestinal Health of Overweight Horses

Nutritional Considerations When Dealing with an Obese Adult Equine

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