Ultrasonographic Imaging for Structural Characterization of Renal Affections and Diagnosis of Associated Chronic Renal Failure in 10 Dogs

Kumar, Vijay; Kumar, Adarsh; Varshney, A. C.

doi:10.5402/2011/901713

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The dogs affected with hydronephrosis showed signs of abdominal pain, swollen abdomen, hematuria which might be due to the increased size of the kidney (Stephen et al,2017) and these findings were similar to Şahal et al, (2005)and Choi et al, (2010). Dogs affected with polycystic kidney disease showed signs of abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting, and polyuria which might be due to the uremic toxins act centrally to stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone which stimulates the vomiting center and renal disease has progressed severe enough to destroy 75% of kidney nephrons lead to decrease urine concentrating ability (Kumar et al,2011) and these findings were similar to Takahashi et al, (2005). The clinical signs that appeared in dogs affected with urolithiasis include abdominal pain, urine retention, dysuria, hematuria which may be attributed to irritation of bladder mucosa and blockage of the urinary bladder with stone (Fromsa and Saini, 2019) and these findings were agreeable with Chethan et al, (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Accurate diagnosis of urinary affections relies on a complete history, clinical signs, hematology, biochemical, urinalysis, and ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract which become a routine practice in veterinary medicine and become the most frequently used technique in assessing canine pelvic and abdominal cavity (Nyland and Mattoon, 2014). The dogs affected with acute renal failure in the present study showed signs of vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence, and polyuria which might be attributed to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, metabolic acidosis, and changes in the gastrointestinal tract (Kumar et al,2011) and these findings were agreeable with Yehia and Salem (2015). The dogs affected with hydronephrosis showed signs of abdominal pain, swollen abdomen, hematuria which might be due to the increased size of the kidney (Stephen et al,2017) and these findings were similar to Şahal et al, (2005)and Choi et al, (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The minimum database for kidney affection includes BUN, creatinine, urinalysis, CBC, ultrasonography which is noninvasive and very useful for detection and characterization of renal parenchymal structure. It is the technique of choice for accurate diagnosis of fluid-filled cystic lesions, renal mass lesions, hydronephrosis, and urolithiasis (Kumar et al,2011). Hydronephrosis refers to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces resulting in progressive atrophy and cystic enlargement of renal parenchyma which leads to atrophy of the renal parenchyma and loss of function (Santarosa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, haemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic diagnostic tools of different urinary tract affections in dogs

elgazar

Ghanem

Abdel-Raof

et al. 2021

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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Urinary tract affections are important clinical problems recorded in dogs affecting their health condition. The present study was carried out on 21 dogs of both sexes and different breeds having different urinary tract affections. The study aimed to evaluate clinical, hematological, biochemical, urinalysis, and ultrasonographic changes in dogs with different urinary tract affections. Acute renal failure, hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, urolithiasis, and cystitis were diagnosed in 5,3,3,5,5 dogs, respectively. The most common clinical signs recorded in all affections were pollakiuria, hematuria, polyuria, dysuria, urine retention. Urinalysis showed the presence of proteinuria, blood in different affections of the urinary tract. There was decrease in RBCs count and Hemoglobin content above normal reference value in all urinary tract affections except in cystitis and there was increase in WBCs count above normal reference value in all different urinary tract affections. There was increase in urea and creatinine levels than normal reference value in all urinary tract affections except in cystitis. There were no changes in ALT, and AST levels in all affections except in acute renal failure were higher than normal reference value. Ultrasonographic examinations revealed structural abnormalities in all recorded urinary tract affections. The results of the present study revealed that clinical, hematological, biochemical, urinalysis, and ultrasonographic examinations are essential in dogs for accurate diagnosis of different urinary tract affections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Clinical, haemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic diagnostic tools of different urinary tract affections in dogs

elgazar

Ghanem

Abdel-Raof

et al. 2021

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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“…This type of bacteria was also isolated by Kumar et al . [ 21 ] during old age in dogs. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed highest degree of sensitivity to amoxycillin/clavulanate followed by kanamycin, ceftriazone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of geriatric changes in dogs

Pati¹,

Panda²,

Acharya³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim:The present study has been envisaged to ascertain the old age for critical management of geriatric dogs considering the parameters of externally visible changes, haemato-biochemical alterations and urine analysis in geriatric dogs approaching senility.Materials and Methods:The study was undertaken in the Department of Veterinary Pathology in collaboration with Teaching Veterinary Clinic complex spanning a period of 1 year. For screening of geriatric dogs, standard geriatric age chart of different breeds was followed. The external characteristics such as hair coat texture, dental wear and tear, skin texture and glaucoma were taken as a marker of old age. Haematology, serum biochemistry and urine analysis were also included in the study.Results:External visible changes like greying of hair, dull appearance of hair coat, glaucoma, osteoarthritis, dental wear and tear were commonly encountered in the aged dogs. The haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume showed a decreasing trend in the geriatric groups. Biochemical values like total protein, albumin, calcium level showed a decreasing trend while urea level with an increasing trend in geriatric dogs without any much alteration in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminse, serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase, cholesterol and creatinine. Physical examination of urine revealed yellow, amber, red, deep red color with turbidity and higher specific gravity. Chemical examination revealed presence of protein, glucose, ketone bodies, blood and bilirubin on some cases. The culture and sensitivity test of the urine samples revealed presence of bacteria with sensitive and resistance to some antibiotics.Conclusion:External visible changes are still the golden standard of determining the old age in dogs. Haemato-biochemical evaluation can be useful for correlating with the pathophysiological status of the animal. Biochemical analysis of urine can be employed rightly as kidney dysfunction is being major geriatric problem. Anaemia, jaundice, nephritis, hepatitis are the most common findings considered during old age.

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“…Diagnosis of diseases of the urinary system remains a significant problem in veterinary medicine. Therefore, a skilled study of the urinary tract should be based on the complex application of traditional and modern instrumental research methods (Platt et al, 1990;Grauer, 2005;Kumar et al, 2011;Shulzhenko & Ryabik, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical-diagnostic criteria and peculiarities of treatment of urocystitis in cats

Shulzhenko

Chernenko

Holubyev

et al. 2019

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The results of a study of cats with signs of urocystitis are presented. The general principles of diagnostics based on clinical, laboratory and additional research methods are established. Clinically acute urocystitis was manifested by disorders of urination – pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria. Some of the animals showed an increase in body temperature, pain in the bladder and tightness of the walls of the abdominal cavity. According to the results of urine study, it was observed that 43.7% of the cats with urocystitis showed an increase in relative density of the urine, a change in urine pH towards higher alkaline levels, urine residue – erythrocytes, leukocytes and microorganisms were indicated. Impurities of salt and sand were found in 58.4% of the cats. In 31.4% of the cats, urocystitis was a complication of urolithiasis. Early diagnosis, especially differential diagnosis of acute and chronic, secondary urocystitis presents difficulties. Therefore, in cases of suspected inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract, a complex examination using ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder, prostate gland (in males) and the uterus (in females) is recommended.With therapeutic purpose, sick cats (two groups of 8 animals/group) were administered: anti-microbial agent (5% solution of Enrofloxacin), spasmolytic medicinal agent – Riabal®. Animals of the second group were additionally administered the drug Cystocure (Candioli Farmaceutici). According to the instructions, the plant basis of the powder Cystocure is presented by extracts of cranberries and orange peels. These substances provide the main properties of the drug – help in resisting the bacterial colonization of the lower urinary tract and change in urine pH to the acid side. The applied therapy positively influenced the clinical condition of the cats. Their general health was improved, painful sensations during the act of urination disappeared, the quantity and frequency of diuresis normalized. On the seventh day of treatment, according to the results of the study, the urine became transparent, no microorganisms were detected. In cats of the second group, which additionally used the drug Cystocure, the amount of salts and sand decreased significantly, the pH of the urine did not exceed the recommended value of 6.4, in contrast to animals of the first group.

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Ultrasonographic Imaging for Structural Characterization of Renal Affections and Diagnosis of Associated Chronic Renal Failure in 10 Dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical, haemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic diagnostic tools of different urinary tract affections in dogs

Clinical, haemato-biochemical and ultrasonographic diagnostic tools of different urinary tract affections in dogs

Evaluation of geriatric changes in dogs

Clinical-diagnostic criteria and peculiarities of treatment of urocystitis in cats

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