Ultrasonographic examination of the forestomachs and the abomasum in ruminal drinker calves

Braun, Ueli; Gautschi, A

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-55-1

Cited by 25 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Imaging techniques of the digestive tract can also be used to quantify transit of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract. For instance, ultrasonography has been proposed as a method to identify ruminal drinkers (Braun and Gautschi, 2013) and it offers the opportunity to measure abomasal milk volume (AMV) in calves (Wittek et al, 2005). This may allow quantification of RMV by subtracting the increase in AMV after feeding from total milk volume intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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In milk-fed calves, quantification of the milk that enters the rumen (ruminal milk volume, RMV) because of malfunction of the esophageal groove reflex may explain part of the variability observed between animals in their growth performance. The RMV can directly be quantified by adding an indigestible marker to the diet and measuring its recovery in the rumen at slaughter, but this technique cannot be repeated in time in the same animal. The objective of the study was to evaluate three indirect methods for estimating RMV. The first method was based on the assumption that ruminal drinking delays and limits acetaminophen appearance in blood after ingestion of milk supplemented with acetaminophen. The second method was based on a negative linear relationship between RMV and urinary recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides (3-O-methylglucose, L-rhamnose and D-xylose) added to the milk, owing to rumen fermentation. In the third method, RMV was calculated as the difference between total milk intake and the increase in abomasal milk volume (AMV) at feeding, measured through ultrasonography shortly after feeding, or estimated from the mathematical extrapolation of AMV to feeding time, based on consecutive measurements. These methods were tested in three experiments where calves (n = 22, 10 and 13) were bucket fed or partly tube fed (i.e. by inserting milk replacer into the rumen via a tube to mimic ruminal drinking). In addition, Co-EDTA and Cr-EDTA were used as an indigestible marker in one experiment to trace bucket-fed or tube-fed milk replacer, respectively, to measure RMV. The relationship between AMV measured by ultrasonography and AMV measured at slaughter improved when kinetics of AMV were extrapolated to the time of slaughter by mathematical modeling (error between predicted and measured AMV equaled 0.49 l). With this technique, RMV during feeding averaged 17% and 24% of intake in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Plasma acetaminophen kinetics and recovery of non-metabolizable monosaccharides in urine were partly associated with ruminal drinking, but these techniques are not considered quantitatively accurate without further information of rumen degradation and absorption. The recovery of indigestible marker measured at slaughter gave a quantitative estimate of RMV (2% in Experiment 3), but improper measurement of emptying rate of fluid from the rumen may lead to underestimation. In conclusion, measuring changes in AMV by ultrasonography, in response to milk feeding, was the most promising indirect method to quantify RMV in veal calves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Labussière

Berends

Gilbert

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Every year, a large number of serum samples need to be screened for anti-AMDV antibodies to accomplish this goal, and this number is increasing each year [24, 25]. The CIEP method has been unable to meet the clinical needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, at least three different ELISA systems have been developed to detect anti-AMDV antibodies. AMDV-G ELISA is based on the AMDV-G that was produced in vitro , but this method has a poor sensitivity of 37.6% [25]. The other two methods are VP2 ELISA and VP2332-452-ELISA [24, 47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Peptide ELISA for the Diagnosis of Aleutian Mink Disease

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Aleutian disease (AD) is a common immunosuppressive disease in mink farms world-wide. Since the 1980s, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) has been the main detection method for infection with the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV). In this study, six peptides derived from the AMDV structural protein VP2 were designed, synthesized, and used as ELISA antigens to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in the sera of infected minks. Serum samples were collected from 764 minks in farms from five different provinces, and analyzed by both CIEP (a gold standard) and peptide ELISA. A peptide designated P1 (415 aa–433 aa) exhibited good antigenicity. A novel ELISA was developed using ovalbumin-linked peptide P1 to detect anti-AMDV antibodies in mink sera. The sensitivity and specificity of the peptide ELISA was 98.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Moreover, the ELISA also detected 342 early-stage infected samples (negative by CIEP and positive by PCR), of which 43.6% (149/342) were true positives. These results showed that the peptide ELISA had better sensitivity compared with CIEP, and therefore could be preferable over CIEP for detecting anti-AMDV antibodies in serological screening.

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“…If milk remains in the rumen for an extended period of time, bacterial fermentation of the milk sugars occurs leading to a disorder called ruminal drinker syndrome (Dirksen, 2006). The milk in the rumen of these calves can be seen ultrasonographically (Gautschi, 2010;Braun and Gautschi, 2013). Conditions required for a functional oesophageal groove reflex include normal health status of the calf, voluntary nursing, normal smell and taste of the milk and contact of the milk with the relevant chemoreceptors in the oral cavity and oesophagus (Dirksen, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic examination of the oesophageal groove reflex in young calves under various feeding conditions

Braun

Brammertz

2015

SAT

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The oesophageal groove reflex was examined in 6 milk-fed Holstein Friesian calves once weekly during the first 17 weeks of life. Additionally, the effect of different feeding methods (bucket, different nipple positions and openings), different milk temperatures (20, 30, 39, 45°C) and milk replacer concentrations (100, 125, 150 grams/litre of water) on oesophageal groove closure was investigated. The reticulum and abomasum were examined ultrasonographically using a 5.0-MHz convex transducer before, during and after feeding, and the oesophageal groove reflex was considered to be functional when milk was seen entering the abomasum during feeding. The reflex was consistently induced throughout the study period in all calves at all examinations and under all experimental conditions. However, it should not be assumed that feeding technique can be neglected in unweaned calves because suboptimal feeding management has been linked to various digestive disorders. SummaryThe oesophageal groove reflex was examined in 6 milkfed Holstein Friesian calves once weekly during the first 17 weeks of life. Additionally, the effect of different feeding methods (bucket, different nipple positions and openings), different milk temperatures (20, 30, 39, 45 °C) and milk replacer concentrations (100, 125, 150 grams/litre of water) on oesophageal groove closure was investigated. The reticulum and abomasum were examined ultrasonographically using a 5.0-MHz convex transducer before, during and after feeding, and the oesophageal groove reflex was considered to be functional when milk was seen entering the abomasum during feeding. The reflex was consistently induced throughout the study period in all calves at all examinations and under all experimental conditions. However, it should not be assumed that feeding technique can be neglected in unweaned calves because suboptimal feeding management has been linked to various digestive disorders.

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Ultrasonographic examination of the forestomachs and the abomasum in ruminal drinker calves

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method

Development of a Peptide ELISA for the Diagnosis of Aleutian Mink Disease

Ultrasonographic examination of the oesophageal groove reflex in young calves under various feeding conditions

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