Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Omasum in Cows and Buffaloes

Mohindroo, J.; Kumar, Ashwani; Sangwan, Vandana; Udehiya, Rahul Kumar; Singh, Sukhvinder

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00368.x

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…At the level of seventh intercostal space from the left and right, spleen and omasum could be seen respectively in relation to reticulum. This result is in agreement with previous studies in cows and buffalo Mohindroo et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Ultrasonography of normal reticulum in 30 healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abouelnasr

Mosbah

Karrouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Reticulum is incriminated in most cases of gastrointestinal disturbances in bovines and should be firstly examined. The aim of the present study was to assess ultrasonographic appearance and relation of reticulum to its surrounding in a normal buffalo (N 030). Sonographic examination was performed in a standing nonsedated buffalo using 3.5-MHz convex transducer. B and M modes of display were used for examination. Reticulum appeared as a half-moon-shaped structure with a smooth contour; it could be easily accessed from the left and right ventral thoracic region than from midline. Biphasic contraction was recorded in all examined buffalo while only four animals had a triphasic contraction. Four to five contractions were recorded during a 4-minute examination period. The mean distance between reticulum and left abdominal wall was 1.60390.566 cm. The duration of the first and second reticular contractions were 3.08090.43 and 4.40790.796 sec, respectively. However, the duration of relaxation interval was 42.6393.187 sec. The amplitude of first contraction was 6.34191.600 cm. In conclusion, reticular appearance and characters of reticular motility in buffalo is similar to that reported in cows, but reticulum was best accessed from left and right ventral thorax than from midline. M mode of display is an alternative tool for evaluation of reticular motility. The result of the present study could be used as a reference for reticular examination in a healthy buffalo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Ultrasonography of normal reticulum in 30 healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Abouelnasr

Mosbah

Karrouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…The layering of the wall of the omasum as seen in the organ bath study was similar to previously reported findings [6], however, these details were observed in organ bath in only 2 healthy cows. Ultrasound waves are attenuated while traversing the thoracic wall and omasal contents, which likely resulted in the poor detail of the omasal wall and underlying structures in live animals, compared with the acoustic enhancement of details by water in the organ bath.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Exploratory laparotomy can be used to confirm a diagnosis of omasal impaction, however its invasiveness may not be suitable in already compromised patients. Ultrasonography has been proposed as a noninvasive and helpful method for subjective assessment of the normal and impacted omasum in cows and buffaloes [6, 7]. The purpose of the present study was to describe observations based on ultrasonographic examination of the omasum in an organ bath and in healthy Indian Jersey/Red Sindhi crossbred cows and to compare these results with the ultrasonographic findings in cows having omasal impaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasonographic Imaging of Normal and Impacted Omasum in Indian Crossbred Cows

Sheikh¹,

Sp²,

Kumar³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Medicine International

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Omasal impaction is a serious disease problem in cattle in India, but it is difficult to diagnose clinically. Ultrasonography has been proposed for the noninvasive evaluation of omasal disease. The objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro and in vivo ultrasonographic appearance of the omasum and to compare omasal appearance, limits, and size in clinically healthy cows with those in cows having confirmed omasal impaction. A 3.5 MHz curvilinear transducer was used to image and record the appearance of the omasum in vitro in a water bath, and its appearance, dorsal and ventral limits, and size in 10 healthy Indian Jersey/Red Sindhi crossbred cows. The results were compared with the ultrasonographic data collected from 5 cows with omasal impaction, as confirmed at necropsy. On moving the transducer dorsoventrally in each intercostal space and below the costal arch, the wall of omasum could be seen as an echogenic arc-like structure. The difference between mean dorsoventral extents of the normal and impacted omasums was statistically insignificant. These results suggest that ultrasonographic imaging may not be useful in the diagnosis of omasal impaction in Indian crossbred cows, however, additional studies may be warranted.

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“…Active omasal motility was not recorded in healthy cows [7] but was evident in three cows with reticulo-omasal stenosis [8]. In healthy buffalos, in which active omasal motility was distinct, the omasum appeared large and close to the abdominal wall at the start of a contraction, and then retracted from the abdominal wall and became progressively smaller [15], analogous to observations of the present study. This indicates that the contractions were in a mediolateral direction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The omasal laminae were not seen in any of the goats. In contrast, the omasal laminae could be clearly visualised in the ovoid to spherical omasum of the buffalo [15], and in cows, the omasal laminae were sometimes seen as short echogenic cone-shaped structures protruding from the mucosal surface [7]. The laminae would probably be seen in goats with liquid omasal contents because in cattle with abomasal reflux [7], the laminae appear as fine echogenic lines running parallel to each other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the omasum in 30 Saanen goats

Braun

Jacquat

2011

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundPrimary diseases of the omasum are uncommon in goats, although the omasum may be involved in various gastrointestinal disorders. Examination of the caprine omasum via ultrasonography requires a good understanding of the normal appearance of the organ. However, in contrast to cattle, there is a lack of reference information on this topic in goats. Thus, the goal of the present study was to describe the results of ultrasonography of the omasum in 30 healthy Saanen goats.ResultsUltrasonography was carried out in standing, non-sedated goats using a 5.0 MHz linear transducer. The location and size of the omasum, thickness of the omasal wall and visualisation of the abomasal laminae, contents and contractions were assessed. The omasum was visible from the 9th intercostal space (ICS) in all the goats, and from the 8th and 10th ICSs in 29 and 24 goats, respectively. The omasum was seen medial to the liver, but only the omasal wall closest to the transducer was visible. The dorsal omasal limit formed a dorsally convex curve running from cranioventral to caudodorsal and was furthest from the dorsal midline in the 6th ICS. The ventral omasal limit formed a ventrally convex curve. The size of the omasum was largest (10.2 ± 3.1 cm) in the 9th ICS and decreased cranially and caudally from this position. Active omasal motility was recorded in 20 goats with 0.3 to 2.0 contractions per minute.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide reference ranges for the interpretation of the location and size of the omasum in goats with suspected omasal abnormalities. Ultrasonography is an ideal diagnostic tool for evaluation of the omasum, which is not accessible to conventional examination techniques, such as inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Omasum in Cows and Buffaloes

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Ultrasonography of normal reticulum in 30 healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Ultrasonography of normal reticulum in 30 healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Ultrasonographic Imaging of Normal and Impacted Omasum in Indian Crossbred Cows

Ultrasonography of the omasum in 30 Saanen goats

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