Ultrasonographic evaluation of effectiveness of circumoral muscle exercises in adenotonsillectomized children

Abstract

Mouth breathing due to obstructive adenoids and tonsils has deleterious effects on craniofacial morphology especially on dentition and dental arches. Reports confirm that removal of nasal obstruction, adenoids and tonsils has not given beneficial development of circumoral musculature. Use of muscles to correct malocclusion was first recommended by Alfred Paul Rogers. This study highlights the imaging of circumoral musculature using ultrasound to evaluate the effectiveness of muscle exercises in adenotonsillectomized children. Definite changes in muscle thickness were noted in subjects, who were given muscle exercises.

The importance of kinesiotherapy in orthodontic treatment and supportive rehabilitation

“…In addition, exercises and changing the breathing pattern positively affected the volume of the orbicularis oris muscle, on the degree of the upper incisor tilt, which affects the overjet (when the incisors are tilted, it is enlarged). The beneficial effects of the myofunctional exercises were observed as early as after six months (6)(7). Table 1 shows a description and frequency of the exercises.…”

“…At a later age, i.e., around ten years old, proper orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances is advisable, while myofunctional exercises should be an additional element to main treatment in maxillofacial orthopaedics. Children in the early period of development most often develop mild malocclusions; therefore, myofunctional exercises can be a valuable method to eliminate physiological dysfunctions, such as the infantile type of swallowing, abnormal food chewing (so-called lazy chewing), abnormal speech (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…U dzieci we wczesnym okresie rozwoju najczęściej pojawiają się wady zgryzu o niewielkim nasileniu, dlatego ćwiczenia mięśniowe mogą stanowić cenną metodę niwelowania zaburzeń czynności fizjologicznych, takich jak niemowlęcy typ połykania, nieprawidłowe żucie pokarmów (tzw. leniwe żucie), nieprawidłowa mowa (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…Dodatkowo ćwiczenia i zmiana toru oddychania pozytywnie wpłynęły na objętość mięśnia okrężnego ust, na stopień wychylenia siekaczy górnych, który oddziałuje na nagryz poziomy (przy wychyleniu siekaczy jest on powiększony). Korzystny efekt zastosowanych ćwiczeń mięśniowych obserwowano już po sześciu miesiącach (6)(7). Opis ćwiczeń oraz częstotliwość ich wykonywania przedstawiono w tabeli 1.…”

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy Effectivity in Child's Anterior Open Bite

“…Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) is re-education of muscle function to improve the function of suffocation, tongue, habit of breathing through the mouth and posture of lips, tongue and cheeks at rest [45]. OMT includes cervical and facial muscle exercises for proprioceptive, tone and movement enhancement, [46][47][48][49][50] including exercises that support the tightening and endurance of the mouth muscles [51,52]. OMT reeducation trains normal and strong sucking skills, good sanctification using both sides of the jaw, normal swallowing, tongue in a normal position, and nasal breathing with lips in good contact at rest [53].…”