Ultrasonographic evaluation of cattle and buffaloes with respiratory disorders

Tadjine, Mohamed; Oikawa, Shin

doi:10.1007/s11250-010-9766-0

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, it was not possible to detect lung cysts lying deep within the lung parenchyma with USG which were otherwise detected on radiography, as the aerated lungs act as barrier to ultrasound [12,22-24]. Similarly, it is reported that lung abscesses/lesions located either close to visceral pleura or extending up to the pleura can only be diagnosed on ultrasound [16,17,25,26]. Radiography has been reported to diagnose lung cysts in cattle [18] but comparative study on radiography and USG for diagnosing lung and liver cysts has not been cited in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the detection of lung and liver cysts in cattle and buffaloes

et al. 2016

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Aim:Echinococcosis is the major cause of lung and liver cysts in ruminants. This study compared usefulness of radiography and ultrasonography (USG) in the detection of lung and/or liver cysts in sick bovine animals. The study also worked out cooccurrence of lung and liver cysts, and whether these cysts were primary cause of sickness or not.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted on 45 sick bovine (37 buffaloes and 8 cattle) suffering from lung and liver cysts. A complete history of illness and clinical examination was carried out. Lateral radiographs of chest and reticular region were taken. In radiographically positive or suspected cases of cysts, USG of the lung and liver region was done. Depending on the location of cyst and clinical manifestations of the animal, the cysts were categorized as primary or secondary causes of sickness.Results:Using either imaging technique, it was observed that 46.7% of the animals had both lung and liver cysts, whereas 33.3% had only lung and 20% had only liver cyst. Cysts were identified as primary cause of sickness in 31.1% animals only. For diagnosing lung cysts, radiography (71.1%) and USG (62.2%) had similar diagnostic utility. However, for detecting liver cysts, USG was the only imaging tool.Conclusion:The lung and liver cysts, depending on their number and size may be a primary cause of sickness in bovine. Radiography and USG are recommended, in combination, as screening tools to rule out echinococcosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the detection of lung and liver cysts in cattle and buffaloes

et al. 2016

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“…As mentioned elsewhere [ 30 ], the authors reported that disturbed partial tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide may develop as a result of decreased effective alveolar ventilation. In contrast, Tharwat and Oikawa [ 31 ] reported no changes in arterial blood gases in cattle with respiratory disorders. Such difference may be attributed to the variations in the degree and severity of illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography with clinical respiratory score in diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory diseases in weaned dairy buffalo and cattle calves

2018

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BackgroundRespiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls.ResultsBased on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.

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“…USG is not able to visualize physiologically normal lung as air does not allow passing of waves but a diseased lung or a number of respiratory pathologies which alter air and fluid level, or membrane structures can be detected (Braun et al. 1997; Tharwat and Oikawa 2011; Tharwat and Al-Sobayil 2017).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia – a comprehensive review

Yatoo

Parray

Bashir

et al. 2019

Veterinary Quarterly

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Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a serious disease of goats, occasionally sheep and wild ruminants, caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease is characterized by severe serofibrinous pleuropneumonia, very high morbidity ($100%), and mortality (80-100%). CCPP affects goats in more than 40 countries of the world thereby posing a serious threat to goat farming around the globe. The characteristic clinical signs of CCPP are severe respiratory distress associated with sero-mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, pleurodynia, and general malaise. In later stages, severe lobar fibrinous pleuropneumonia, profuse fluid accumulation in pleural cavity, severe congestion of lungs and adhesion formation is observed. Mycoplasmal antigen interactions with host immune system and its role in CCPP pathogenesis are not clearly understood. CCPP is not a zoonotic disease. Diagnosis has overcome cumbersome and lengthy conventional tests involving culture, isolation, and identification by advanced serological (LAT, cELISA) or gene-based amplification of DNA (PCR, RFLP, and hybridization) and sequencing. The latex agglutination test (LAT) is rapid, simple, and better test for field and real-time diagnosis applicable to whole blood or serum and is more sensitive than the CFT and easier than the cELISA. Moreover, the studies on antibiotic sensitivity and exploration of novel antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, macrolides) can help in better therapeutic management besides preventing menace of antibiotic resistance. Re-visiting conventional prophylactic measures focussing on developing novel strain-based or recombinant vaccines using specific antigens (capsular or cellular) should be the most important strategy for controlling the disease worldwide.

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cattle and buffaloes with respiratory disorders

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the detection of lung and liver cysts in cattle and buffaloes

Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography in the detection of lung and liver cysts in cattle and buffaloes

Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography with clinical respiratory score in diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory diseases in weaned dairy buffalo and cattle calves

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia – a comprehensive review

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