Ultrasonographic estimation of prostatic size in canine cadavers

Atalan, Gültekin; Holt, P. E.; Barr, Frances; Brown, Peter

doi:10.1053/rvsc.1998.0267

Cited by 45 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…The role of survey radiographs as well as of special radiographic studies should therefore not be ignored but thought of as complementary. 26 It has also been shown that there is good correlation between ultrasound-derived prostate measurements, radiographic measurements, 25 and actual prostate measurements. 19,20 The neutered canine has a small prostate gland that rapidly decreases in size after castration in normal dogs.…”

Section: Normal Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Contrast radiographic studies (cystography, urethrography) are also important adjuncts that can corroborate ultrasonographic findings as well as provide additional information, such as subtle urethral irregularities and prostatic reflux. 2,3,13,17,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Studies have shown a positive correlation between prostate size and parameters related to body size and age in intact dogs 24,26 but not in neutered dogs. enlarges at sexual maturity secondary to hormone influences, becoming progressively more intraabdominal in location.…”

Section: Normal Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate and Testes

Mattoon¹,

Nyland²

2015

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound

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Section: Normal Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Normal Prostate Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate and Testes

Mattoon¹,

Nyland²

2015

Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound

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“…A transrectal ultrasound is recommended to achieve images of the intrapelvic parts of the prostate gland [10]. Due to the need for sedation [11] it is not commonly applied for prostatic imaging in canine practice [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography: a beneficial diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the canine prostate?

et al. 2017

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BackgroundProstatic diseases in intact male dogs are common. However, studies about the computed tomographic (CT) examination of the prostate in dogs are rare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate age related-changes in the canine prostate with the help of the CT and to evaluate whether measuring Hounsfield Units (HUs) in different morphological conditions of the prostate is of diagnostic value.Fifty pre- and post-contrast CT scans of the prostate of dogs were evaluated and divided into three groups according to the tissue structure: Group1 dogs with homogenous prostate tissue (16/50); group 2 with prostate cysts (26/50) and group 3 with inhomogeneous prostate tissue (8/50). The prostatic dimensions were measured and the ratio between length, height and width and the sixth lumbar vertebra was calculated. Median values of prostatic attenuation measured in HUs, using regions of interests (ROIs) were determined on pre- and post- contrast scans over the whole length of the prostate. The results were compared to the dog’s age.Furthermore, the CT Images were compared with the results of ultrasonography (47/50).ResultsOn pre-contrast scans HUs within ROIs placed in the prostate did not differ statistically significantly between the different morphological groups (1: 37.7; 2: 36.3; 3: 39.8 HU). HUs within on the post- contrast scans showed statistically significant differences between the groups. Group one had a mean density of 93.6 HU, group two had a mean density of 106.1 HU and group three had one of 138.2 HU. The prostatic size in the first group was smaller than in the other groups, whereas the largest prostates were found in the second group.In six cases the post-contrast CT scan showed results that differed from the ultrasound examination. Dogs had a homogenous tissue in ultrasonography while the CT scan revealed an inhomogeneous tissue structure.ConclusionsThe CT examination can be a beneficial diagnostic tool for examining the prostatic size and for evaluating the prostatic tissue. The different HUs reflected age-related changes and alterations in the prostate while measuring the density of the prostate. Contrast agent application enables a more specific analysis of the prostate to be carried out and for precise changes in tissue structure to be observed.

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“…The values for L, HL/HT and W were the average of three consecutive measurements. Prostatic volume (PV) was determined by the formula PV (cm 3 ) = 0.487 × L × W × (HL × HT/2) + 6.38; and the expected volume (EV) was determined by the formula EV (cm 3 ) = 8.48 + [0.238 × body weight (kg)] [14]. All variations of the normal ultrasonographic aspect were recorded (i.e., asymmetric shape, size, and aspect of focal or multifocal variations of echogenicity; size and echogenicity of retention cysts or areas of cavitation; and irregular margins).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biomarker canine-prostate specific arginine esterase (CPSE) for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Pinheiro

Machado²,

Viegas³

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common canine prostatic disorder. Although most or even all intact male dogs may develop BPH by 5–8 years of age, many show no clinical signs. Taking into account the non-specific character of clinical and ultrasonographic findings, a new diagnostic approach has recently been proposed based on the augmentation of blood canine prostate-specific arginine esterase (CPSE) in hyperplasic dogs. The aim of the present study was to verify CPSE levels in negative controls and hyperplasic dogs, considering cytological findings as the reference method and taking into account the fact that controls were middle-aged intact dogs (median of 5.0 years), contrarily to previous studies carried out with very young control dogs.ResultsSignificant differences of median CPSE levels were found between controls and hyperplasic dogs (29.1 versus 160.7 ng/mL, respectively); and significant positive correlations were found between median CPSE levels and age or prostatic volume (r = 0.549 and 0.448, respectively; p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios put into evidence the good performance of the test. The agreement between methods was found to be very high, notably between CPSE levels and cytological results (Cohen’s kappa coefficients above 0.8).ConclusionsConsidering the results all together, measurement of CPSE is confirmed as a useful and accurate method and should be considered as an alternative or complementary tool to conventional methods for the diagnosis of BPH in middle-aged dogs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0996-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Ultrasonographic estimation of prostatic size in canine cadavers

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Prostate and Testes

Prostate and Testes

Computed tomography: a beneficial diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the canine prostate?

Evaluation of biomarker canine-prostate specific arginine esterase (CPSE) for the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia

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