Ultrasonographic diagnosis of cervical ectopic pregnancy.

Abstract

A 24-ycar-old woman, G3-P2-0l, at 28 weeks' gestation

Ultrasonographic Differentiation of Cervical Abortion from Cervical Pregnancy

“…In 1911, Rubin cited four pathological criteria which must be present: (1) there must be cervical glands opposite the placental attachment; (2) the attachment of the placenta to the cervix must be intimate; (3) the whole or a portion of the placenta must be situated below the entrance of the uterine vessels or below the peritoneal reflection of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus; and (4) fetal elements must not be present in the corpus uteri. 2 Paalman and McElin later formulated the following clinical criteria of cervical pregnancy: (1) uterine bleeding after amenorrhea and without cramping pain; (2) a softened and disproportionately enlarged cervix equal to or larger than the corporeal portion of the uterus (an hourglassshaped uterus); (3) products of conception entirely confined within and firmly attached to the endocervix; (4) a snug internal 0s; ( 5 ) a partially open external 0 5 .~ Besides these clinical findings, abdominal pain is another feature of cervical pregnancy thought to be due to distention of the cervix and dilatation of the external 0s. There have been few cases of cervical pregnancy diagnosed by ~onography.…”