Ultrasonographic characterization of the ovaries in non-pregnant first served sows and gilts

Kauffold, Johannes; Rautenberg, Tanja; Gutjahr, S.; Richter, Andreas; Sobiraj, A.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.08.007

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…When evaluating only sows diagnosed as non-pregnant (7 119 sows), we found 2.51% sows with ovarian cysts. This is in agreement with the data presented by Kauffold et al (2004), who observed ovarian cysts in 6 sows out of 178 sows (3.4%) diagnosed as non-pregnant between days 20 and 37 after insemination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, some authors favour transrectal scanning for assessing the ovaries (Soede et al, 1992;Knox and Rodriguez-Zas, 2001). Since transcutaneous ultrasonography was established as a diagnostic tool for ovaries in sows (Weitze et al, 1989), it has been used successfully for the diagnosis of ovarian cysts (Schmidt et al, 1995;Waberski et al, 1999;Castagna et al, 2004;Kauffold et al, 2004;Kauffold and Althouse, 2007). Follicular ovarian cysts are defined as anechoic structures with smooth, thin walls (Castagna et al, 2004, Kauffold et al, 2004 while luteal cysts have a rather thick wall and a distinct lumen (Kauffold and Althouse, 2007).…”

Section: Treatment Of Ovarian Cysts In Sows -A Field Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since transcutaneous ultrasonography was established as a diagnostic tool for ovaries in sows (Weitze et al, 1989), it has been used successfully for the diagnosis of ovarian cysts (Schmidt et al, 1995;Waberski et al, 1999;Castagna et al, 2004;Kauffold et al, 2004;Kauffold and Althouse, 2007). Follicular ovarian cysts are defined as anechoic structures with smooth, thin walls (Castagna et al, 2004, Kauffold et al, 2004 while luteal cysts have a rather thick wall and a distinct lumen (Kauffold and Althouse, 2007). However, differentiation between follicular and luteal cysts using real-time ultrasound is not easy because both types of cysts first appear as thin walled, fluid-filled structures in the sonographic image (Waberski et al, 1999).…”

Section: Treatment Of Ovarian Cysts In Sows -A Field Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of ovarian cysts in sows - a field trial

Čech¹,

Doležel²

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Different procedures of treatment of large follicular ovarian cysts in 177 sows using GnRH, hCG and PGF2α are evaluated in this study. Ovarian cysts were diagnosed by transcutaneous ultrasonography, which was a part of routine pregnancy diagnosis. No treatment was performed in the control group (Group 1, n = 29); the method of treatment used in the other groups immediately after the diagnosis was intramuscular administration of lecirelin in doses 50 µg (Group 2, n = 28), 100 µg (Group 3, n = 27) and 200 µg divided into 2 equal doses administered at a 12-hour interval (Group 4, n = 25) and of hCG in doses 1 500 IU (Group 5, n = 23), 3 000 IU (Group 6, n = 21), and 250 µg of cloprostenol (Group 7, n = 24). Insemination rate (IR), conception rate (CR) in inseminated sows, pregnancy rate (PR = recovery rate), treatment-insemination interval (TII) and treatment-pregnancy interval (TPI) within 42 days after the initial examination were evaluated. In addition PR in groups of sows divided according to parity (1–3, 4–6 and ≥ 7) were also evaluated. IR and PR were higher in Group 4 (84.0% and 44.0%) and lower in Group 1 (17.2% and 6.9%) in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). CR, TII and TPI did not differ between the experimental groups. PR were similar in sows with different parity. The study proved a positive response in sows with large follicular ovarian cysts to the treatment consisting of 2 administrations of 100 µg GnRH at a 12-hour interval.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Treatment Of Ovarian Cysts In Sows -A Field Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment Of Ovarian Cysts In Sows -A Field Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of ovarian cysts in sows - a field trial

Čech¹,

Doležel²

2007

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Nevertheless, this study clearly demonstrates that GSA can be done in pigs by transcutaneous scanning in order to determine uterine echogenicity. Transcutaneous scanning has been proven appropriate for pregnancy testing [16,19], ovary assessment [20], as well as the examination of the non-gravid uterus for puberty detection [21] or delineation of reasons for infertility [22]. Moreover, multiple measurements using freeze images and welldefined structures similar to what was necessary for GSA in this study has been proven possible in other studies where uterine crosssections of sows and gilts were measured for size [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Use of B-mode Ultrasound and Grey-Scale Analysis to Study Uterine Echogenicity in the Pig

Kauffold

Bussche²,

Failing

et al. 2010

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. This study was conducted to determine uterine echogenicity by grey-scale analysis (GSA) and transcutaneous ultrasonography in pregnant sows (P-sows; n=16) and gilts (P-gilts; n=13) vs. cyclic gilts (C-gilts; n=9) between days 8 and 16 post ovulation (po) with the aims of testing for feasibility of uterine GSA and of gathering reference data. Estruses and ovulations were hormonally synchronized and the animals artificially inseminated. Ovulation was monitored by ultrasound. The equipment used was a HS 2000 ultrasound unit and a 5 MHz linear probe. Unit settings were standardized for all GSA scanning sessions and the animals crated during scanning. For GSA, cross-sections of the uterine horns were imaged, entirely defined as regions of interest, and pixel analyses done. A total of 342 scanning sessions were performed, 341 GSA accomplished, and 1-13 cross-sections analyzed per session. Comparison of coefficients of variation suggests that analysis of two cross-sections per session is sufficient for a reliable GSA per animal. P-sows and P-gilts were similar in their echogenicity course, but differed from C-gilts. Most noticeable, echogenicity declined in pregnant animals on day 12 po, while it increased in cyclic gilts. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that GSA using transcutaneous ultrasound is a feasible procedure for the determination of uterine echogenicity in the pig, and that pregnant and cyclic pigs differ in the uterine echogenicity, particularly during the time when maternal recognition of pregnancy occurs. Key words: Female pig, Grey-scale analysis, Pregnancy, Ultrasonography, Uterus (J. Reprod. Dev. 56: [444][445][446][447][448] 2010) chogenicity is a valuable parameter in order to define the appearance of a tissue or organ by using B-mode ultrasound. Echogenicity is either described based on a score system, and is rather subjective depending on the assessment of the operator. Alternatively, grey-scale analysis (GSA) is used, which is based on computer-supported pixel quantification and is thus a more objective procedure. In large animal species, GSA has mostly been used to define echogenicity patterns of reproductive tissues such as of testes and accessory glands in growing bulls and rams [1,2], as well as of ovarian structures in mares [3], cows and heifers [4,5], and ewes [6,7]. Also, GSA has been employed for studying endometrial echogenicity in pregnant vs. non-pregnant cows [8][9][10] and the European roe deer [11], and has been advocated as an appropriate procedure for the delineation of uterine diseases in mares [12]. B-mode ultrasound is widely used in pigs too, and is predominantly dedicated to examine genital organs which include the ovaries as well as the pregnant and non-pregnant uterus [13]. While differences in echotexture patterns have been described for the porcine uterus depending on the stage of estrous cycle as well as for the healthy vs. diseased uterus, uterine echogenicity using GSA has never been studied except once in a very preliminarily study on a subset of cyc...

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“…Estas últimas imágenes son compatibles con la presencia de colecta purulenta en la luz del útero. Sin embargo, en la práctica, estas imágenes no siempre se interpretan de manera correcta, dado que se necesita entrenamiento y experiencia por parte del operador (Almond et al, 2006;Kauffold et al, 2004Kauffold et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Endometritisunclassified

Evaluación del descarte en cerdas: causas, registros reproductivos e inspección en planta de faena

Barrales¹,

Cappuccio²,

Machuca³

et al. 2017

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Resumen: La evaluación de los registros reproductivos y de las causas de descarte en reproductoras porcinas es una herramienta imprescindible para aplicar estrategias de descarte eficaces y lograr una mayor eficiencia productiva. Esto se debe al impacto económico y productivo que representan la compra y preparación de nuevas reproductoras. Las limitaciones que presenta el examen clínico reproductivo en la hembra porcina hace necesaria la aplicación de herramientas que permitan dar un enfoque más objetivo a las políticas y decisiones de descarte reproductivo. Entre las herramientas que se pueden considerar se incluyen: el análisis de registros reproductivos individuales y poblacionales, la evaluación de longevidad en reproductoras y la inspección del aparato genital en planta de faena. Palabras clave: cerda, descarte, registros reproductivos, aparato genitalAbstract: The evaluation of reproductive records and culling reasons in sows is essential to implement effective removal strategies and obtain greater efficiency. This is due to the economic and productive impact represented by the costs of purchasing and preparing new gilts. The anatomical restrictions for a reproductive clinical examination in sows require other tools, such as evaluation of reproductive records, sow longevity and inspection of the genital tracts at the slaughterhouse in order to give more objective approach regarding the breeder removal policies and decisions.

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Ultrasonographic characterization of the ovaries in non-pregnant first served sows and gilts

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Treatment of ovarian cysts in sows - a field trial

Treatment of ovarian cysts in sows - a field trial

Use of B-mode Ultrasound and Grey-Scale Analysis to Study Uterine Echogenicity in the Pig

Evaluación del descarte en cerdas: causas, registros reproductivos e inspección en planta de faena

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