Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament and Medial Elbow Laxity in College Baseball Players

Sasaki, Junya; Takahara, Masatoshi; Ogino, Toshihiko; Kashiwa, H.; Ishigaki, Daisuke; Kanauchi, Yumiko

doi:10.2106/00004623-200204000-00003

Cited by 140 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Sasaki et al 22) reported dynamic ultrasonography for evaluating medial joint laxity and medial collateral ligament injury revealed that the medial elbow joint gap and angular deformity was more increased in the dominant arm of 30 male baseball pitchers. Nazarian et al 23) examined the medial collateral ligament of 26 professional baseball players using dynamic ultrasonography, who had no symptoms on their elbow, and revealed both low echogenic lesions or calcification and thick bands on pitchers'…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valgus Laxity of Elbow Joint in High School Weight Lifters: Ultrasonographic Assessment

Choi

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Korean J Sports Med

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We evaluated abnormalities in medial portion of elbow in high-school weightlifter compared with the non weightlifter using a stress radiography and ultrsonography. The experimental group(G1) was 26 high school weightlifters with an average age of 17 years old (range, 16-18 years). The control group (G2) were comprised of 25 age matched general students. Both groups received physical examination, simple and valgus stress radiography and ultrasonography on both side of elbow. Physical examination showed 26.9% (14/52 elbows) tenderness and 19.2% (10/52 elbows) valgus laxity in G1, no tenderness and laxity in G2. There were no differences in medial joint gaps on simple radiography (G1, 3.3 mm, G2, 2.7 mm; p＞0.05), but the valgus stress view showed 5.6±0.8 mm medial joint gap in G1 and 3.8±0.8 mm in G2 (p＜0.001). Ultrasonography in G1, angular deformity was found in 67.3% (36/52) and G2 all in normal (p＜0.01). The horizontal distance was an average 4.9±1.23 mm for the G1 and 3.1±0.78 mm for the G2 (p＜0.001). Vertical distance of the proximal portion of the ulna was average 0.58±0.94 mm for the G1 and 1.59±0.49 mm for the G2 (p＜0.001). In G1, angular deformity of male was 50% (15/30 elbows) and female was 95% (21/22 elbows) (p＜0.001). Change of horizontal and vertical distance were larger in female (p＜0.05). In conclusion, there were increased incidence of medial elbow joint laxity in high school weightlifter, especially in female, regardless of career. Sustained valgus laxity could be prone to ulnar collateral ligament injury and should be evaluated with ultrasonography-assisted dynamic study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valgus Laxity of Elbow Joint in High School Weight Lifters: Ultrasonographic Assessment

Choi

Kim

Park

et al. 2013

Korean J Sports Med

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“…However, Ellenbecker et al 39) reported that medial elbow laxity on the throwing side was increased in comparison with that of the non-throwing side in professional baseball pitchers. In addition, Sasaki et al 13) reported that medial elbow laxity on the throwing side in college baseball players was increased in comparison with that in non-players. Therefore, medial elbow laxity on the throwing side in our study might be a characteristic of baseball players in general.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medial elbow joint space was measured to evaluate laxity of the medial elbow joint by using an ultrasonographic machine with a 10-MHz linear transducer (LOGIQ e Expert, GE Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan). The validity and reliability of medial elbow joint space measurements are shown in the literature 13,32) . The medial elbow joint space measurements were performed with reference to Sasaki et al 13) .…”

Section: Rom Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The validity and reliability of medial elbow joint space measurements are shown in the literature 13,32) . The medial elbow joint space measurements were performed with reference to Sasaki et al 13) . Namely, the medial elbow joint space was measured with the subject positioned supine in bed, with the shoulder at 90° abduction, the elbow in 90° flexion, and the forearm in neutral rotation.…”

Section: Rom Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, regarding the relationship between throwing injuries and muscle strength in adult baseball players, Byram et al 12) reported that decreases in supraspinatus muscle strength (SS), shoulder ER strength, and ER-to-IR ratio on the throwing side correlated with throwing injuries that require surgical intervention. Regarding joint laxity, Sasaki et al 13) reported a widening of medial elbow joint space on the throwing side, causing medial elbow laxity accompanied by medial collateral ligament injuries in college baseball players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Side-to-side differences in range of motion, muscle strength, and medial elbow laxity in young baseball players with medial elbow injuries

Morifuji

Nakao

Inaba

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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Medial elbow injuries lead to significant performance decrement in baseball.Repetitive throwing alters mechanical physiology. Some of such changes can increase the risk of medial elbow injuries. However, in young baseball players with medial elbow injuries, these changes have not been fully investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical physiological changes in young baseball players with medial elbow injuries. Sideto-side differences in (1) range of motion (ROM) of shoulder external rotation (ER)/internal rotation (IR), elbow flexion/extension, forearm supination/pronation, trunk rotation, and hip ER/IR; (2) strength of middle trapezius, lower trapezius (LT), and supraspinatus muscles, and shoulder ER/IR; and (3) medial elbow laxity were measured. Side-to-side differences were significant (p < 0.05). ROM of shoulder ER/IR, elbow flexion/extension, forearm pronation, and hip IR on the throwing side were significantly decreased compared to the non-throwing side. Trunk rotation in the direction of the throwing side was significantly decreased compared to the non-throwing side. LT and shoulder IR strength on the throwing side were significantly greater, while shoulder ER strength on the throwing side was significantly weaker than the non-throwing side. Medial elbow joint space of the throwing side was significantly wider than the nonthrowing side. In other measurements, no significant differences were observed between the throwing and non-throwing side. According to our findings, young baseball players with medial elbow injuries experience many side-to-side differences in mechanical physiology. The most interesting finding was that younger players with medial elbow injuries displayed decreased shoulder ER ROM, versus an increase reported in many previous studies.

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The Elbow and Forearm Complex

Vicenzino¹,

Smith²,

Bisset³

2011

Exercise Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders

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Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament and Medial Elbow Laxity in College Baseball Players

Cited by 140 publications

References 15 publications

Valgus Laxity of Elbow Joint in High School Weight Lifters: Ultrasonographic Assessment

Valgus Laxity of Elbow Joint in High School Weight Lifters: Ultrasonographic Assessment

Side-to-side differences in range of motion, muscle strength, and medial elbow laxity in young baseball players with medial elbow injuries

The Elbow and Forearm Complex

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