Ultrasonographic Appearance of Chronic Hypertrophic Pyloric Gastropathy in the Dog

Abstract

Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy was diagnosed using ultrasound in six dogs that were presented for chronic vomiting. An evenly thick hypoechoic layer surrounding the pyloric lumen was visualized ultrasonographically in dogs with grades 1 or 2 chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy. This was histologically found to correspond with a thickened muscular layer. Gastric wall thickness was greater than or equal to 9 mm in all six dogs. In dogs with grade 1 or 2 chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, the hypoechoic muscular layer was greater than or equal to 4 mm.

Evaluation of Canine Gastric Motility with Ultrasonography.

“…In veterinary clinical medicine, ultrasonographic studies of canine stomach were mainly on the normal and abnormal morphology rather than the functional analysis [1,3,20,21]. But recent technical developments enable one to evaluate gastroduodenal motility by using ultrasonography, which is simple and noninvasive.…”

Treatment of pyloric stenosis in a cat via pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I procedure)

“…9 The thickened pylorus can protrude into the gastric lumen and mimic the appearance of an intussusception. 10 In 1 study, 11 gastric wall thickness was > 9 mm in all dogs evaluated. In the cat of the present report, the pylorus was moderately thickened, measuring approximately 6 mm, with a multilayered puckered pattern protruding into the gastric lumen.…”

“…Additionally, a fluid-or food-distended stomach can aid in determining delayed gastric emptying, especially if the time of previous feeding is known. 11 In children, diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is usually made ultrasonographically, and for experienced evaluators, accuracy of diagnosis approaches 100%. 7 In these cases, the lesion can be seen as a thickened prepyloric antrum bridging the distended stomach and duodenal ampulla.…”

Comparison of ultrasonographic characteristics of the gastroduodenal junction during pyloroplasty performed laparoscopically or via conventional abdominal surgery in dogs

“…Ultrasonography has been used to evaluate gastric distention and delayed gastric emptying in dogs with pyloric stenosis. 8,9 In those studies, echographic characteristics of hypertrophic alterations were described as a thickened layer around the pyloric sphincter. This layer corresponds with an increase in the muscular layer that is evident in the longitudinal view.…”

“…The transverse view of the pyloric canal reveals that this hypertrophic muscular layer is a hypoechoic ring around the pyloric lumen. 8,10 In humans, laparoscopic ultrasonography (LU) has been used as an adjunct to diagnostic laparoscopy for staging abdominal tumors. 11,12 The use of small probes inserted into the abdominal cavity through the laparoscopic trocars has provided an additional diagnostic tool.…”