Ultrasonido pulmonar en Medicina, su utilidad en la práctica clínica

Abstract

Lung ultrasound has become increasingly important in the evaluation of the thorax and its pathologies. It has proved to be very useful in the evaluation of hospitalized patients, allowing doctors to evaluate and make quick decisions, as well as providing guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Ultrasound has many advantages over other studies since it can avoid transferring patients, and it is harmless, accessible and fast. In this article we will review basic concepts of lung ultrasound and its use in the diagnosis of pathologies. Key words: Pulmonary ultrasound; pleura; pneumothorax; pleural effusion.

Monitorización hemodinámica integrada: clínica, gasométrica y ecocardiográfica

“…Los principales artefactos visualizados en modo B son: las líneas A, correspondientes a líneas hiperecogénicas horizontales estáticas generadas por el eco de ambas pleuras (pleura parietal y visceral) que indican la presencia de aire; y las líneas B, líneas hiperecogénicas verticales (colas de cometa) que bajan desde la línea pleural hasta la parte inferior moviéndose de manera sincronizada con el deslizamiento pulmonar. Se considera congestión pulmonar si existe 3 o más líneas B. Hay protocolos extensos (28 sitios) y protocolos abreviados (3, 4 y 8 sitios); de acuerdo con lo recomendado por Lichtenstein, se requiere la exploración de 6 puntos torácicos, 4 puntos con una localización ventral (2 en cada hemitórax) y los 2 puntos restantes estarán en los costados del paciente (1 en cada costado) (47)(48)(49) (figura 2).…”

Thoracic Ultrasound Utility in Pulmonary Pathologies Following Blunt Chest Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study From Barcelona, Venezuela

“…Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a monitoring tool that has gained global prominence in various settings, providing significant support in medical practice by offering the opportunity for dynamic, bedside assessments. It holds distinct advantages over other imaging studies, including on-the-spot diagnosis at the patient's bedside, absence of radiation, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, portability, reproducibility, safety for both the patient and the healthcare professional or technician performing it, and a reduction in complications during interventional procedures [1].…”

“…In the ultrasound assessment of the thoracic wall, visualization of superficial structures, such as the skin, intercostal musculature, costal arches, as well as the pleura and lung parenchyma, is possible [2]. Essential to this assessment is the visualization of the pleura, appearing as a hyperechoic line that moves in accordance with respiration, known as the "lung sliding" sign [1,2]. Normal lung visualization results in the appearance of artifacts as the air-filled lung may seem invisible on ultrasound, preventing the acquisition of any image in a healthy lung.…”