Ultrasonics: A window into biomedical science

Wells, P.N.T.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(92)90024-g

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…These sensors or ultrasonic methods are not the matter of this book. They are described elsewhere [1,2]. A new ®eld of ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic systems is process monitoring and control, automotive techniques, chemical analysis, etc.…”

Section: Sensor De®nitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Sensors for Process Control

1998

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Section: Sensor De®nitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Sensors for Process Control

1998

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“…In addition to aberration, significant reflections can occur at interfaces with large impedance mismatches, such as between fat and muscle [34]. Tissue with a layered structure, such as connective tissue, is conducive to trapping acoustic energy from the propagating ultrasonic pulse with multiple reflections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erratum: Sources of image degradation in fundamental and harmonic ultrasound imaging: a nonlinear, full-wave, simulation study [Apr 11 754-765]

Pinton

Trahey

Dahl

2011

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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A full-wave equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a heterogeneous attenuating medium is solved numerically with finite differences in the time domain. This numerical method is used to simulate propagation of a diagnostic ultrasound pulse through a measured representation of the human abdomen with heterogeneities in speed of sound, attenuation, density, and nonlinearity. Conventional delay-and-sum beamforming is used to generate point spread functions (PSFs) that display the effects of these heterogeneities. For the particular imaging configuration that is modeled, these PSFs reveal that the primary source of degradation in fundamental imaging is due to reverberation from near-field structures. Compared with fundamental imaging, reverberation clutter in harmonic imaging is 27.1 dB lower. Simulated tissue with uniform velocity but unchanged impedance characteristics indicates that for harmonic imaging, the primary source of degradation is phase aberration.

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“…The physical principles of ultrasonic imaging have been reviewed at all levels of complexity, from the elementary [1] to the advanced [2,3]. Presently, transducer arrays are generally used for beam steering in real-time scanning; the notable exceptions in which mechanical scanning is still used are in many intravascular probes [4] and in some aspects of three-dimensional image acquisition [5].…”

Section: Anatomical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound in vascular pathologies

Wells

1998

European Radiology

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The choice of the optimal ultrasonic frequency for vascular studies is determined by the required resolution and penetration. Anatomical real-time two-dimensional imaging and blood flow studies provide complementary information. Intravascular scanning allows high-frequency ultrasound to be used, with correspondingly good spatial resolution. Contrast resolution is degraded by beam side lobes and the limited dynamic range of the ultrasonic pulse. The physics of ultrasonic scattering by blood, pulsed Doppler and duplex scanning and colour flow imaging performances determines the limits of clinical applications. Contrast agents enhance the echogenicity of blood, improving sensitivity and, through second harmonic detection, suppressing solid tissue echoes. Three-dimensional display, with segmentation by the presence of the flow signal, facilitates spatial perception. Clinical applications in vascular pathologies are summarised.

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Ultrasonics: A window into biomedical science

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

Ultrasonic Sensors for Process Control

Ultrasonic Sensors for Process Control

Erratum: Sources of image degradation in fundamental and harmonic ultrasound imaging: a nonlinear, full-wave, simulation study [Apr 11 754-765]

Ultrasound in vascular pathologies

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