Ultrasonication as a Potential Tool to Predict Solute Crystallization in Freeze-Concentrates

Abstract

Sonication can substantially accelerate solute crystallization in the freeze-concentrate. Ultrasonication may be useful in assessing the crystallization tendency of formulation constituents used in long term frozen storage and freeze-drying.

Application of ultrasonic-enhanced active seed crystals in the removal of sodium oxalate from alumina refinery waste liquor

“…Further comparison shows that at the same caustic alkali concentration, the proportion of Na 2 C 2 O 4 with ultrasonic conditions is significantly higher than that with conventional conditions. This may be because the physical and chemical properties of the flat plate washing liquor are changed by ultrasonic, thereby reducing the solubility of Na 2 C 2 O 4 in it and accelerating crystallization [42] , [44] , [45] .…”

Miscibility as a Factor for Component Crystallization in Multisolute Frozen Solutions

“…Freezing of aqueous solutions highly concentrates the solutes (≤70%–80%, w/w) into a supercooled nonice phase in the initial segment of the freeze‐drying process. Each API and excipient has an intrinsic thermal transition temperature and propensity for crystallization that determines the occurrence of physical changes (crystallization, collapse, and meltback) in freeze‐drying of single‐solute frozen solutions under a particular process condition . However, multiple ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations mutually affect their crystallization process in a complex manner .…”