Ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation in wet bone

Lakes, Roderic S.; Yoon, Hargsoon; Katz, J. Lawrence

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(86)90049-x

Cited by 106 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…(3) after solving the RUS inverse problem was about 5 %, which is comparable to the precision of the measurement and comparable to results reported previously for similar analyses on low damping materials (Seiner et al 2013). In contrast, bone viscoelasticity is difficult to characterize using ultrasound methods based on wave propagation, because these methods cannot usually separate two cumulative effects of energy losses: intrinsic viscoelastic losses and scattering effects (Lakes et al 1986;Haïat 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Elasticity–density and viscoelasticity–density relationships at the tibia mid-diaphysis assessed from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements

Bernard

Schneider

Варга

et al. 2015

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Cortical bone tissue is an anisotropic material characterized by typically five independent elastic coefficients (for transverse isotropy) governing shear and longitudinal deformations in the different anatomical directions. It is well established that the Young's modulus in the direction of the bone axis of long bones has a strong relationship with mass density. It is not clear, however, whether relationships of similar strength exist for the other elastic coefficients, for they have seldom been investigated, and the results available in the literature are contradictory. The objectives of the present work were to document the anisotropic elastic properties of cortical bone at the tibia mid-diaphysis and to elucidate their relationships with mass density. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) was used to measure the transverse isotropic stiffness tensor of 55 specimens from 19 donors. Except for Poisson's ratios and the non-diagonal stiffness coefficient, strong linear correlations between the different elastic coefficients (0.7 < r(2) < 0.99) and between these coefficients and density (0.79 < r(2) < 0.89) were found. Comparison with previously published data from femur specimens suggested that the strong correlations evidenced in this study may not only be valid for the mid-tibia. RUS also measures the viscous part of the stiffness tensor. An anisotropy ratio close to two was found for damping coefficients. Damping increased as the mass density decreased. The data suggest that a relatively accurate estimation of all the mid-tibia elastic coefficients can be derived from mass density. This is of particular interest (1) to design organ-scale bone models in which elastic coefficients are mapped according to Hounsfield values from computed tomography scans as a surrogate for mass density and (2) to model ultrasound propagation at the mid-tibia, which is an important site for the in vivo assessment of bone status with axial transmission techniques.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Elasticity–density and viscoelasticity–density relationships at the tibia mid-diaphysis assessed from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements

Bernard

Schneider

Варга

et al. 2015

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…Ultrasound has successfully been used before to measure the elastic stiffness modulus of bone [13,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Ultrasonic measurement offers certain advantages in that it measures the elastic properties of the material; viscoelasticity and its associated time dependency is effectively removed due to the high frequencies involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Properties of Bone from the Femoral Neck and Calcar Femorale of Patients with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis

Aspden

1997

Osteoporosis International

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Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) rarely fracture the neck of the femur whereas this is common in patients with osteoporosis (OP). The reasons for this are not clear. In this study, cores of trabecular bone and thin slices of bone from the calcar were obtained from the femoral neck of patients with OA or OP following hip arthroplasty and a normal group post mortem. The mechanical properties, densities and material composition were measured. The aim was to determine whether differences in these properties could explain why osteoarthritic patients did not suffer from fractured neck of femur. No difference was found in the density or stiffness of the calcar between the groups, though there appeared to be a small increase in mineralization in the OA bone compared with the OP. However, there was a 72% increase in the volume of trabecular bone in the OA group compared with a loss of about 20% in the OP group. This increased apparent density of the OA trabecular bone resulted in a greater stiffness, yield strength and energy absorbed to yield, whereas the same properties of OP bone were not significantly lower than normal. These marked changes in the OA bone could result in a redistribution of stresses due to loads caused by falling, thereby absorbing the energy of impact and preventing the formation of a fracture surface.

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“…Ultrasonic techniques have been used extensively to explore the anisotropy of bone (Abendschein and Hyatt 1970;Lang 1970;Yoon and Katz 1976;Lees et al 1979), its composite microelastic character (Lakes et al 1983), its viscoelastic properties via wave attenuation (Lakes et al 1986), and its in-vivo properties (Brown and Mayor 1976;Lakes and Saha 1978;Andre et al 1980). Ultrasonic methods are attractive in that the material properties of bone can be obtained non-destructively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of bovine bone by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and transmission ultrasound

Lee

Lakes

Lal

2002

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

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The method of resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS) was evaluated for bovine bone and compared with the traditional wave transmission ultrasound method. In RUS, the resonance structure of a cubic or rectangular specimen is scanned. For some low-damping materials, a single measurement yields sufficient resonant frequencies to determine all of the anisotropic elastic constants. Bone has a high viscoelastic damping at ultrasonic frequency. Consequently, resonance peaks of a cubic specimen tend to overlap. Therefore, the usual RUS method must be modified for application to bone; even so, one cannot obtain all the elastic constants. Concurrent studies with transmission ultrasound were conducted. Results were used to generate a map of the elastic moduli vs position along the bone axis. Stiffness was greatest in the mid part of the bovine femur.

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Ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation in wet bone

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Elasticity–density and viscoelasticity–density relationships at the tibia mid-diaphysis assessed from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements

Elasticity–density and viscoelasticity–density relationships at the tibia mid-diaphysis assessed from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements

Material Properties of Bone from the Femoral Neck and Calcar Femorale of Patients with Osteoporosis or Osteoarthritis

Investigation of bovine bone by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and transmission ultrasound

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