Ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser directed energy deposition in-situ synthesis of NiTi alloys: Effects on microstructure and mechanical properties

Fatigue enhancement and hardening effect through ultrasonic vibration‐assisted ball‐burnishing process on AISI 1045 steel

“…Microstructural results present pearlite‐ferrite grain deformation due to the shearing of BB/VABB processes. An increase in the depth of affectation is reported when the VA is applied by a few microns, confirming that VA enhances the microstructure deforming rate and its homogeneity 44,45 . Pearlite lamellae breakage instead of deformation, as seen in BB, indicates a higher deformation rate at more significant penetration depths.…”

“…An increase in the depth of affectation is reported when the VA is applied by a few microns, confirming that VA enhances the microstructure deforming rate and its homogeneity. 44,45 Pearlite lamellae breakage instead of deformation, as seen in BB, indicates a higher deformation rate at more significant penetration depths. However, in BB, the lamellae are planar and stretched toward the burnishing, which shows a ductile behavior instead of the fragility present in the VABB sample.…”

Perspective Chapter: Direct Energy Deposition of Cu-Fe System Functionally Graded Materials – Miscibility Aspects, Cracking Sources, and Methods of Assisted Manufacturing

“…Wang et al [55] showed that ultrasonic assistance increases the wear resistance of coating up to 2.4 times in comparison with a coating without ultrasonic assistance in the context of Fe-based composite LMD-fabricated coating deposited on the 5CrNiMo substrate. D. Zhang et al [57] observed the increase of microhardness from $380-450 HV1.0 to $435 … 515 HV1.0 at all levels of laser output power due to grain refinement and reduction of the porosity. Method of strengthening of a part surface, an increase of average impact energy, hardness, a decrease of a wear mass loss, and redistribution of the reinforcement particles leading to their uniform dispersion, provided by the ultrasonic assistance, was also shown by the authors of the patent [58].…”

“…Pressing, grinding, and polishing was conducted via TechPress 2™ and MetPrep 3™/PH-3™ (Allied High Tech Products, Inc., CA, United States) with 6 μm minimal grain size. The specimen was preliminarily etched for 9 s by 50 ml HCl + 50 ml C 2 H 5 OH + 2.5 g CuCl 2 [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

“…3. Increase of Young's modulus: D. Zhang et al [57] showed that the ultrasonic vibration improves Young's modulus of the DED-fabricated parts from $45-55 GPa to $50-65 GPa.…”