“…Jagner et al have used a stripping potentiometric method after pre-treatment [73], and even polarography has been used following an ICl (iodine monochloride) pre-treatment [74]. Lead can be detected more simply using biphasic sono-ASV, and has been reported using a Hg/Pt electrode in an emulsion of the petrol sample with [68].…”
Section: Determination Of Lead In Petrolmentioning
“…Jagner et al have used a stripping potentiometric method after pre-treatment [73], and even polarography has been used following an ICl (iodine monochloride) pre-treatment [74]. Lead can be detected more simply using biphasic sono-ASV, and has been reported using a Hg/Pt electrode in an emulsion of the petrol sample with [68].…”
Section: Determination Of Lead In Petrolmentioning
“…Furthermore, Jagner et al [145] used stripping potentiometry with sample pretreatment to dilute the petroleum sample. Polarography after treatment with iodine monochloride has been investigated whilst the extraction of lead and other heavy metals from waste oils using ultrasonic and acid digestion techniques has been reported [146].…”
Section: Determination Of Lead In Petrolmentioning
Ultrasonically enhanced voltammetric measurements have been successfully applied for the detection of a wide range of trace metals. These are reviewed and the beneficial effects of power ultrasound applied to electroanalysis highlighted, most notably the possibility for quantitative analysis in otherwise highly passivating media, where classical electrochemical techniques often fail.
“…For example, usual physical pathways like ion exchange, activated carbon, and membrane adsorption belong to the latter costly group, especially when treating large amounts of wastewater [14]. In recent years, using ultrasonic technology to control and remove heavy metals has gained some attention [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Further, the combined effects of ultrasound with adsorbent materials show higher removal capacity.…”
The development of environmental remediation technologies targets to minimize the toxic effects of pollutants. Among developing remediation technologies, sonochemistry is an emerging technology for the removal of pollutants in aqueous environment. Primary reaction generated during acoustic cavitation is the homolytic cleavage of water molecules into atomic hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Hydroxyl radicals unselectively oxidize target pollutant molecules. This chapter deals with technical feasibility of sonochemical process for the removal of heavy metal pollutants from aqueous environment. The removal of heavy metal pollutants using adsorption materials in the presence of ultrasonic
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