Ultrasonic motors: Their models, drives, controls and applications

Abstract

In the last decades piezoelectrically driven ultrasonic motors have become alternative actuators to the conventional electromagnetic motors especially for precise and accurate servo positioning applications. Different types of ultrasonic motors have been constructed and manufactured. Several drive systems have been designed, implemented and proposed for these motors. A variety of control techniques have been applied to them. The research given in this study covers bases of the ultrasonic motors. Theoretical background, modeling, drive systems, control techniques and applications of the ultrasonic motors have been introduced. Firstly, the general overview has been given. Then, modeling studies focused on performance estimation and analysis of ultrasonic motors have been examined. Afterwards, drive systems and control techniques of ultrasonic motors have been investigated. Furthermore, an example drive and control system has been presented. This drive system has been designed as to be controlled digitally. In addition, the important industrial and research applications of these motors have been included. The presented study has been arranged as a review of ultrasonic motors. The important points of specifications, models, drive systems and control methods of the ultrasonic motors have been emphasized.

Analysis on the anisotropic electromechanical properties of lead magnoniobate titanate single crystal for ring type ultrasonic motors

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Lead magnoniobate titanate (PMNT) single crystals at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) have excellent eletromechanical properties. The lateral piezoelectric strain coefficient d 31 and the electromechanical coupling factor k 31 were measured to be up to -1335 pC/N and 87% respectively after a polarization process along pseudo-cubic [001] c direction.…”

Modeling and RST position controller of rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor

“…Flexural wave will be generated at the surface of stator and it`s able to rotate the rotor strongly pressed to it [3].…”

Digital Position Control Strategy of Traveling-wave Ultrasonic Motors

“…Thus, it is very difficult to effectively control the motor due to those drawbacks. Basically, speed and position of the TWUSM can be manipulated by controlling the driving frequency, phase difference and voltage amplitude of the input two-phase voltages [9]. Driving frequency control method is preferred as giving wide control area than the other methods [9]- [10].…”

“…Many control schemes have been reportedly applied to the position control of TWUSM in recent years such as model based, proportional-integral (PI), direct pulse width modulation (PWM), sliding mode, nonlinear adaptive, robust adaptive, fuzzy, adaptive fuzzy, neural network, and fuzzy neural network. Digital signal processors, computers, microcomputers, special microcontroller have been used to achieve that drives and controls [9].…”