Ultrasonic Imaging and Velocimetry in Two-Phase Pipe Flow

Morriss, S.L.; Hill, A.D.

doi:10.1115/1.2905977

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Based on the fact that ultrasonic echo signals contain abundant flow structure information in twophase fl ow, Wada et al (2006) measured the delay time and energy intensity of ultrasonic echoes to monitor the fl ow pattern evolution of gas-liquid two-phase fl ow. In addition, further progress has been made using the ultrasonic scattering effect (Murai et al, 2010), acoustic resonance spectroscopy (Cong et al, 2008), ultrasonic Doppler technology (Morriss and Hill, 1993;Dong et al, 2015), and the ultrasonic tomography technique (Xu et al, 1997;Supardan et al, 2007) in measuring phase volume fraction and phase velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

et al. 2016

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Oil reservoirs with low permeability and porosity that are in the middle and late exploitation periods in China's onshore oil fi elds are mostly in the high-water-cut production stage. This stage is associated with severely non-uniform local-velocity flow profiles and dispersed-phase concentration (of oil droplets) in oil-water two-phase flow, which makes it diffi cult to measure water holdup in oil wells. In this study, we use an ultrasonic method based on a transmission-type sensor in oil-water two-phase flow to measure water holdup in lowvelocity and high water-cut conditions. First, we optimize the excitation frequency of the ultrasonic sensor by calculating the sensitivity of the ultrasonic fi eld using the fi nite element method for multiphysics coupling. Then we calculate the change trend of sound pressure level attenuation ratio with the increase in oil holdup to verify the feasibility of the employed diameter for the ultrasonic sensor. Based on the results, we then investigate the effects of oildroplet diameter and distribution on the ultrasonic fi eld. To further understand the measurement characteristics of the ultrasonic sensor, we perform a flow loop test on vertical upward oilwater two-phase fl ow and measure the responses of the optimized ultrasonic sensor. The results show that the ultrasonic sensor yields poor resolution for a dispersed oil slug in water fl ow (D OS/W fl ow), but the resolution is favorable for dispersed oil in water fl ow (D O/W fl ow) and very fi ne dispersed oil in water fl ow (VFD O/W fl ow). This research demonstrates the potential application of a pulsed-transmission ultrasonic method for measuring the fraction of individual components in oil-water two-phase fl ow with a low mixture velocity and high water cut.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

et al. 2016

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“…7,8 The Doppler shift method has a relative advantage when applied in low void fraction liquid flow velocity measurements and gas bubble velocity measurements. Morriss and Hill 8 developed a Doppler velocity method for two-phase pipe flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Ultrasonic techniques have the advantages of being nonintrusive, easy to install, and having a fast response. [4][5][6][7][8] Ultrasonic techniques operate on the principle of a sound wave passing through the medium of study. An ultrasonic wave travels at a given frequency and at the speed of sound in the medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three main ultrasonic methods for two-phase flow diagnostics, namely, the pulse-echo, 4,5,9,10 the transmission, 5,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and the Doppler shift methods. 7,8 The Doppler shift method has a relative advantage when applied in low void fraction liquid flow velocity measurements and gas bubble velocity measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separated two-phase flow regime parameter measurement by a high speed ultrasonic pulse-echo system

Masala

Harvel

Chang

2007

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this work, a high speed ultrasonic multitransducer pulse-echo system using a four transducer method was used for the dynamic characterization of gas-liquid two-phase separated flow regimes. The ultrasonic system consists of an ultrasonic pulse signal generator, multiplexer, 10 MHz (0.64 cm) ultrasonic transducers, and a data acquisition system. Four transducers are mounted on a horizontal 2.1 cm inner diameter circular pipe. The system uses a pulse-echo method sampled every 0.5 ms for a 1 s duration. A peak detection algorithm (the C-scan mode) is developed to extract the location of the gas-liquid interface after signal processing. Using the measured instantaneous location of the gas/liquid interface, two-phase flow interfacial parameters in separated flow regimes are determined such as liquid level and void fraction for stratified wavy and annular flow. The shape of the gas-liquid interface and, hence, the instantaneous and cross-sectional averaged void fraction is also determined. The results show that the high speed ultrasonic pulse-echo system provides accurate results for the determination of the liquid level within +/-1.5%, and the time averaged liquid level measurements performed in the present work agree within +/-10% with the theoretical models. The results also show that the time averaged void fraction measurements for a stratified smooth flow, stratified wavy flow, and annular flow qualitatively agree with the theoretical predictions.

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“…If an ultrasonic interrogating signal is employed, the frequency of which is very much higher than the resonances of any bubbles in the sample, geometric scattering can detect bubbles. [16][17][18] If MHz sound is, for example, employed to detect mm-sized bubbles, the small wavelengths involved ͑Ϸ0.4 mm in water at 3.5 MHz͒ allow the bubble to be located, but do not accurately give the bubble size. Geometric, nonresonant scattering relies on the acoustic impedance mismatch between the inhomogeneity and the surrounding liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection of tethered and rising bubbles using multiple acoustic techniques

Leighton

Ramble

Phelps

1997

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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There exists a range of acoustic techniques for characterizing bubble populations within liquids. Each technique has limitations, and complete characterization of a population requires the sequential or simultaneous use of several, so that the limitations of each find compensation in the others. Here, nine techniques are deployed using one experimental rig, and compared to determine how accurately and rapidly they can characterize given bubble populations. These are, specifically ͑i͒ two stationary bubbles attached to a wire; and ͑ii͒ injected, rising bubbles.

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Ultrasonic Imaging and Velocimetry in Two-Phase Pipe Flow

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

Separated two-phase flow regime parameter measurement by a high speed ultrasonic pulse-echo system

The detection of tethered and rising bubbles using multiple acoustic techniques

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