“…83 An ultrasonic gage can be used to determine the thickness by measuring the travel time of the ultrasonic waves through the component's material and returning to the transducer. 79,81,82 Through periodic measurements of the speed of sound through the material, the surface corrosion can be determined. Longitudinal mode thickness measurement ultrasonic transducer has been employed to monitor the wall thickness over time to characterie the material change.…”
Corrosion detection (CD) has become a high priority in chemical industries, defense and transportation sectors to extend the life of existing or new systems while ensuring the safety of the existing components and reducing downtime to minimise economic losses. Here, this article is aimed to review and discuss non-destructive techniques used widely in the industry to detect, monitor and repair corrosion problems early on. The comprehensive review provides a detailed discussion, a functional mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of crucial non-destructive CD techniques widely used in the industry, helping the reader choose the type of corrosion monitoring methods effectively. An extensive literature review of visual and optical testing techniques, acoustic emissions, eddy current, guided wave and equipment, infrared thermography, radiographic, microwave and millimeter wave, and terahertz imaging is discussed. The underlying mechanism, its merits and limitations, along with the usage scenario, is explained that can be related across different areas making it interdisciplinary research for corrosion monitoring techniques.
“…83 An ultrasonic gage can be used to determine the thickness by measuring the travel time of the ultrasonic waves through the component's material and returning to the transducer. 79,81,82 Through periodic measurements of the speed of sound through the material, the surface corrosion can be determined. Longitudinal mode thickness measurement ultrasonic transducer has been employed to monitor the wall thickness over time to characterie the material change.…”
Corrosion detection (CD) has become a high priority in chemical industries, defense and transportation sectors to extend the life of existing or new systems while ensuring the safety of the existing components and reducing downtime to minimise economic losses. Here, this article is aimed to review and discuss non-destructive techniques used widely in the industry to detect, monitor and repair corrosion problems early on. The comprehensive review provides a detailed discussion, a functional mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of crucial non-destructive CD techniques widely used in the industry, helping the reader choose the type of corrosion monitoring methods effectively. An extensive literature review of visual and optical testing techniques, acoustic emissions, eddy current, guided wave and equipment, infrared thermography, radiographic, microwave and millimeter wave, and terahertz imaging is discussed. The underlying mechanism, its merits and limitations, along with the usage scenario, is explained that can be related across different areas making it interdisciplinary research for corrosion monitoring techniques.
“…Prior studies provided evidence of the utilization of GWs to estimate damages and defects in various structures, including pipes [15][16][17], concrete structures [18,19], metals [20], and composite structures [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, the interaction of GWs with multi-layered composite materials such as GFRP and CFRP may lead to the scattering, reflection, mode conversion, etc.…”
Section: Guided Wave Propagation In Composite Structuresmentioning
The estimation of the size and location of defects in multi-layered composite structures by ultrasonic non-destructive testing using guided waves has attracted the attention of researchers for the last few decades. Although extensive signal processing techniques are available, there are only a few studies available based on image processing of the ultrasonic B-scan image to extract the size and location of defects via the process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing. This work presents an image processing technique for ultrasonic B-scan images to improve the estimation of the location and size of disbond-type defects in glass fiber-reinforced plastic materials with 25-mm and 51-mm diameters. The sample is a segment of a wind turbine blade with a variable thickness ranging from 3 to 24 mm. The experiment is performed by using a low-frequency ultrasonic system and a pair of contact-type piezoceramic transducers kept apart by a 50-mm distance and embedded on a moving mechanical panel. The B-scan image acquired by the ultrasonic pitch-catch technique is denoised by utilizing features of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Thereafter, the normalized pixel densities are compared along the scanned distance on the region of interest of the image, and a −3 dB threshold is applied to the locations and sizes the defects in the spatial domain.
“…In recent years, many efforts have been made to measure concrete's setting time and hardening properties effectively with the help of ultrasonic methods such as ultrasonic wave transmission and ultrasonic wave reflection methods [26,27]. Later, Voigt, Sharma, and Liu modified the setting time measuring methods mentioned above to use them more accurately and effectively [28][29][30][31].…”
In recent years, significant advancements in the development of large-scale 3D printers and construction materials have been made to meet the demand for industrial scale 3D printing construction. It is significant to construct the buildings and structural components by using 3D concrete printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) main benefits are freedom of design, construction waste reduction, mass customization, and ability to manufacture the complex structures. The major issues including the optimization of printing material which possess the suitable properties for 3D concrete printing. However, this technology towards the green building construction seems to improve the conventional methods by reducing the requirement of human resource, high investment cost, and formworks. The research community's interest in 3D printing for architecture and construction has grown significantly over the last few years. This paper review the latest trend of research and state of the art technologies in 3D printing in building and construction by analyzing the publications from 2002 to 2022. Based on aforementioned analysis of publications, printing methods, concrete printing systems and influence of constituent’s materials and chemical admixtures on concrete material properties are briefly discussed. Finally, this paper discussed the challenges and limitations of current systems, as well as potential future work to improve their capability and print quality.
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