Ultrasonic Extraction of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Using Ethanol as Solvent

Abstract

2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is the compound that gives out the typical aroma and flavour of pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.). This research incorporates ultrasonic extraction to extract the aromatic compound in pandan leaves. The parameters varied in this study are the extraction time, sonicator amplitude, concentration of solvent and the mass of pandan leaves. The experiment was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) model generated by the response surface methodology (RSM). From the extraction process, it can be deduced that the effect of leaves’ mass is comparably higher than other parameters, while sonicator amplitude gives the most negligible impact on the process. The obtained p-value was 0.0014, which was less than 0.05. The high R-squared 0.9603 and adjusted R-squared 0.8809 indicate the model is well agreed with the actual data. The optimal control variables of ultrasonic extraction of 2AP are at an extraction time of 20 min, 60% of solvent concentration, amplitude of 25% and 12.5 g of pandan leaves, which produced 60.51% of yield of the extract and 1.43 ppm of 2AP. It is found that the mass of pandan leaves and the concentration of solvent have a significant impact on the extraction process of 2AP.

Direct Determination of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline in Rice by Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction Coupled with Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Furthermore, as far as the extraction yield of 2-AP is concerned, Laohakunjit and Noomhorm found much higher results can be achieved by using ethanol as extraction solvent directly than using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and simultaneous steam distillation extraction from P. amaryllifolius leaves, and Azhar et al obtained a similar conclusion when they extracted 2-AP from Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. using ethanol as as far as sth is concerned/where sth is concerned solvent in this year (Azhar et al 2022;Laohakunjit and Noomhorm 2004). Additionally, according to the results reported by Rungsardthong and Noomhorm, 2-AP kept good stability with 92% remained in ethanol in 14 days (Rungsardthong and Noomhoom 2005).…”

Deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound assisted extraction as a green approach for enhanced extraction of naringenin from Searsia tripartita and retained their bioactivities

“…The ratio of 1–10 g/mL produced the greatest extraction yield of NA, following which equilibrium was restored ( Figure 1G ). When the solid/liquid ratio is low, more solvent is available to infiltrate the plant matrix, hence enabling the bioactive compounds to dissolve and boosting the extraction yield ( 55 ). Hence, the optimal range for testing is between 1/40 and 1/60 g/mL (solid/liquid).…”

Ellagic Acid from Hull Blackberries: Extraction, Purification, and Potential Anticancer Activity

“…And ultrasonic waves have the advantages of penetration and cavitation, which can make the liquid molecules collide and interact with each other, thus rapidly rupturing the plant cell wall and releasing phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic extraction is easier to operate, with lower instrument costs, and is more efficient than other techniques [36,37]. Because of its similar polarity to EA, acetone is difficult to react with hydrolyzed tannins compared to other solvents.…”