Silanization processes with perfluoroalkyl silanes have been demonstrated
to be effective in developing advanced materials with many functional
properties, including hydrophobicity, water repellency, and self-cleaning
properties. However, practical industrial applications of perfluoroalkyl
silanes are limited by their extremely high cost. On the basis of
our recent work on photoredox catalysis for amidation with perfluoroalkyl
iodides, its application for surface chemical modification on filter
paper, as an illustrative example, has been developed and evaluated.
Before photocatalytic amidation, the surface is functionalized with
amine functional groups by silanization with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine.
All chemically modified surfaces have been fully characterized by
attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive
spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and three-dimensional (3D) profiling to confirm
the successful silanization and photocatalytic amidation. After surface
modification of the filter papers with perfluoroalkanamide, they show
high water repellency and hydrophobicity with contact angles over
120°. These filter papers possess high wetting selectivity, which
can be used to effectively separate the organic and aqueous biphasic
mixtures. The perfluoroalkanamide-modified filter papers can be used
for separating organic/aqueous biphasic mixtures over many cycles
without lowering the separating efficiency, indicating their reusability
and excellent durability.