Ultrasonic-assisted chemical synthesis of activated carbon from low-quality subbituminous coal and its preliminary evaluation towards supercapacitor applications

Bora, Mousumi; Benoy, Santhi Maria; Tamuly, Joyshil; Saikia, Binoy K.

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104986

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Over the last few decades, significant research works have been dedicated to this purpose, and among the different explorations, coal has shined as the most promising precursor materials to synthesize tailor-made porous carbon for a variety of applications. 6 Coal has many distinct advantages among the bioresources such as high abundance, low material and processing costs, high carbon content ranging from 65 to 90% depending on rank or grade of coal, and a high-density three-dimensional cross-linked skeleton. 7 High-grade coal has a greater amount of cyclic and aromatic carbon units linked through short aliphatic and ether linkages, which can be beneficial for producing graphene-like structures; 8−10 on the other hand, low-grade coal has a high amount of oxygencontaining functional groups (carboxyl, phenolic, quinone, ether, furan, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal-Derived Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Status on Supercapacitor, Li-Ion Battery, and Li–S Battery Applications

2021

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In this era of exponential growth in energy demand and its adverse effect on global warming, electrochemical energy storage systems have been a hot pursuit in both the scientific and industrial communities. In this regard, supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and Li–S batteries have evolved as the most plausible storage systems with excellent commercial adaptations. Intending to get the best performance from these systems, researchers all over the world have been engaging to develop various new methods for the synthesis of advanced carbon materials with a target of economical viability, abundance, low cost, and ease of preparation. Among them, activated carbon has proven to be an attractive electrode material due to its many advantageous properties such as a large surface area, high pore density, good conductivity, low cost, and good mechanical and chemical stability compared to other alternatives, such as high-cost graphene, carbon nanotubes, Mxenes, transition metal complexes, and conducting polymers. Among the numerous synthetic and biological resources that are used for the synthesis of activated carbon, coal/coal-like materials have found tremendous importance in recent times due to their relative abundance, extremely low cost, and excellent large-scale production possibilities. The present review attempts to collect all the significant innovations carried out for the use of cheap and economically viable coal-derived/-based activated carbon and its composites in supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and Li–S batteries and to critically evaluate their comparative performances. The progress in advanced three-dimensional printing technology for these energy storage applications is also discussed. The highlight of this review is also to assess the challenges that remain for the synthesis of high-performance electroactive-activated carbon materials from coal-based resources as alternative electrode materials, which would become promising candidates in the foreseeable future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal-Derived Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Status on Supercapacitor, Li-Ion Battery, and Li–S Battery Applications

2021

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“…The experiments were carried out in an ambient condition. The detailed methodology was reported in our previous study [3,4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Low-grade Indian Tertiary Coal and Its Chemical Characterization

Sohtun¹,

Bora²,

Kataki³

et al. 2021

J. Nano- Electron. Phys.

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Carbon materials have unique structural and chemical properties attracting for applications in various fields. Coal is available in abundance and a low-cost energy source. Coal is a major source of carbon which can be used as a precursor to derive value-added carbon products and thereby, enhances its effective utilization in a sustainable manner. In this study, activated carbons were prepared from tertiary coal obtained from North-eastern region of India. The preparation process consisted of pre-treatment of coal by oxidation followed by mixed alkali impregnation and carbonization at 600 C. The synthesized samples were characterized using proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur analysis, surface area and pore size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results reveal that the produced activated carbons have improved specific surface area and pore size after chemical activation, and they are amorphous, micro-mesoporous in nature. Thus, the low-grade Indian tertiary coals are a potential source to derive activated carbon based high value-added carbon products.

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“…The SEM images in Figure 7(a, b) clearly show that after reduction, the reduced graphene oxide layers have exfoliated more, and RGO sheets are quite visible. However, the amorphous RGO was synthesized from porous coal instead of crystalline graphite [4,24]. Figure 9(a) shows that the mass percentage of oxygen had a noticeable increase after oxidation, from 15.31 to 23.5.…”

Section: Sem Images Of Sub-bituminous Coal After Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, high-quality graphene can be obtained from a graphitic base, making it expensive. There is a need for alternate base material for graphene synthesis, which is relatively cheap and readily available in nature [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several articles were reviewed before moving forward with this research. Some relevant studies have been listed in Table 1 [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Some of the common graphene synthesizing processes include; exfoliation (mechanical exfoliation, dispersion of graphite, Hummer's method, substrate preparation) and growth on surfaces (epitaxial growth and chemical vapor deposition) [15,16].…”

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Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Indigenous Coal: A Non-Burning Solution

Mushtaq¹,

Hashmi²,

Rafiq³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Membrane Sci. Techno.

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A great deal of research has been made into producing graphene or graphene oxide by utilizing graphite as a starting material. An alternate method of producing graphene is using low-grade coal as a starting material. Due to the abundance of coal in Pakistan and increased environmental concern from Government bodies and environmental agencies alike, increased awareness is being made to move over to non-burning solutions to fossil fuels. Experiments were performed on two ranks of coal in parallel; lignite and sub-bituminous. Coal was pretreated first to remove the undesired impurities, which could hinder the graphene synthesis later on. Acid washing with multiple waters was done, followed by carbonization in the furnace. After the pretreatment, the Hummers method was chosen as a chemical process for synthesizing graphene. It is a less complex method, can be easily performed with available resources, and is comparatively cheaper and environmentally friendly. The resulting sample was tested with SEM and EDS, and graphene oxide was confirmed. It was followed by a water-based reduction method to produce reduced graphene oxide from graphene oxide. This modified hydrothermal method was chosen for its eco-friendliness. The final sample was dried and tested with XRD, SEM, FTIR, and RAMAN to authenticate the type of graphene produced. Graphene has remarkable properties, including very high tensile modulus, extremely high thermal conductivity, and charge carrier mobility exceeding 200,000 cm2V-1s-1. Such properties are reason enough to explore low cost, environment friendly, and scalable means of graphene production. Potential graphene applications in various medical, chemical and industrial processes are enhanced or enabled by using new graphene materials.

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Ultrasonic-assisted chemical synthesis of activated carbon from low-quality subbituminous coal and its preliminary evaluation towards supercapacitor applications

Cited by 43 publications

References 90 publications

Coal-Derived Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Status on Supercapacitor, Li-Ion Battery, and Li–S Battery Applications

Coal-Derived Activated Carbon for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Status on Supercapacitor, Li-Ion Battery, and Li–S Battery Applications

Oxidative Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Low-grade Indian Tertiary Coal and Its Chemical Characterization

Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide from Indigenous Coal: A Non-Burning Solution

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