Ultrasonic analysis and lock-in thermography for debonding evaluation of composite adhesive joints

Continuous maintenance and the future – Foundations and technological challenges

“…There are two main types of thermography: passive and active. Based on the sources and nature of energy for active thermography, there are six different types: pulse [188], lock-in/modulated [131], pulse phase [72], vibrothermography/thermosonics [43], eddy current [199] and laser spot thermography [17]. Thermography is mostly used in studying thermal behaviour of manufacturing operations.…”

Pulsed Thermography: evaluation and quantitative analysis of defects through different post-processing algorithms

“…As clearly demonstrated in the literature [1][2][3][4][5], the presence of defects reduces the strength of the structure and so, nondestructive tests play a crucial role in the estimation of the useful life of structures and mechanical components.…”

“…In the case of large components, in fact, it is required a rapid and easy inspection of the same in order to reduce the times and the costs of the ordinary maintenance of the tested components [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…The temperature contrast between the defected and sounded regions enables defect detection based on thermographic data. Raw thermal data are usually not suitable for quantitative defects evaluation and so, in literature, different algorithms have been proposed to obtain quantitative information from thermographic data [2][3][4].…”

Fatigue Limit Evaluation of Composite Materials by Means of TSA

“…In particular, a technical application of composites involves in wind turbine blades since it is required high specific stiffness, strength, and good mechanical behavior [2]. Nevertheless the strong points of using composite materials, some concerns are related to the mechanical characterization by means of fatigue tests.…”