Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Designed as a high‐capacity, high‐rate, and long‐cycle life anode for sodium‐ion batteries, ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles (≈8 nm) homogeneously embedded in spherical carbon network (denoted as 8‐Sn@C) is prepared using an aerosol spray pyrolysis method. Instrumental analyses show that 8‐Sn@C nanocomposite with 46 wt% Sn and a BET surface area of 150.43 m2 g−1 delivers an initial reversible capacity of ≈493.6 mA h g−1 at the current density of 200 mA g−1, a high‐rate capacity of 349 mA h g−1 even at 4000 mA g−1, and a stable capacity of ≈415 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. The remarkable electrochemical performance of 8‐Sn@C is owing to the synergetic effects between the well‐dispersed ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles and the conductive carbon network. This unique structure of very‐fine Sn nanoparticles embedded in the porous carbon network can effectively suppress the volume fluctuation and particle aggregation of tin during prolonged sodiation/desodiation process, thus solving the major problems of pulverization, loss of electrical contact and low utilization rate facing Sn anode.

Yolk–Shell Sn@C Eggette-like Nanostructure: Application in Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…44 In the anodic scans, four distinctive peaks located at 0.2, 0.3, 0.55, and 0.7 V are ascribed to the desodiation of Na 15 Sn 4 , Na 9 Sn 4 , NaSn, and NaSn 5 , respectively. 25 This result is in good agreement with the previous reports. 45−47 The overall reaction process of SCE for SIBs could be concluded to be (1)…”

Damage Formation in Sn Film Anodes of Na-Ion Batteries

“…In the anodic scans, three well-defined anodic peaks can be identified at ∼0.27, 0.62, and 0.69 V, respectively, corresponding to desodiation from Na 15 Sn 4 , NaSn, and NaSn 5 . These desodiation potentials are in good agreement with the calculated and experimental values for Sn anodes. ,, However, it should be noted that a precise comparison with data in the literature cannot be performed as Sn thick sheets electrodes have not been cycled before.…”

Tunable and Efficient Tin Modified Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Electrochemical Reduction of Aqueous Carbon Dioxide

“…[34] It exhibited two broad peaks at 1346 and 1585 cm −1 in the Raman spectrum ( Figure S4), corresponding to the defect-induced band (D) and graphitic-induced band (G) of carbon. [34,37] The intensity ratio of D/G band (ID/IG) is ~ 1.30, reflecting a disordered carbon structure and agreeing with the HRTEM result.…”