Ultrasmall NaGdF₄ Nanodots for Efficient MR Angiography and Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging

Abstract

Figure 5. The variations of blood index (a-o) and time courses of histological changes in various organs via staining with H&E (p) of Kunming mice after intravenous injection of physiological saline (control) or the NaGdF 4 nanodots (13 mg Gd/kg) at different time points. 3872 www.advmat.de www.MaterialsViews.com wileyonlinelibrary.com

Size Control of Nearly Monodisperse β-NaGdF4 Particles Prepared from Small α-NaGdF4 Nanocrystals

“…Nanoparticles based on the NaGdF 4 host lattice are being investigated for a variety of applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , multimodal biological labelling/sensing and imaging, 10-21 photodynamic therapy, 10,[22][23][24] spectral conversion in solar cells, 25,26 and nanothermometers. 27,28 NaGdF 4 and other NaREF 4 nanocrystals (RE = rare earth) are often prepared in oleic acid based solvent mixtures yielding very narrow particle size distributions.…”

Rare earth based nanostructured materials: synthesis, functionalization, properties and bioimaging and biosensing applications

“…In addition to an excellent contrast enhancement, Ln-based NPs present long circulating times and are easy to functionalize, which make them an interesting alternative to the traditionally used Gd chelate CAs commented on above. A large variety of them, ranging from oxides [302] to fluorides [303,304] and sulfides [305], as well as Gd oxysalts [44,64,180,306], have been synthesized and demonstrated good ability as T1 CAs. In many cases, an even higher level of image resolution was shown with the use of Ln-based NPs than with Gd chelates.…”

“…For example, NaGdF 4 nanodots exhibit an r1 value which is 2.4-fold that of clinically used T1 CA Magnevist. Attractively, these nanodots can be used for magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with a vascular signal much stronger than that using clinical MR CAs at the same dose ( Figure 17) [303].…”

Upconversion nanoparticle as a theranostic agent for tumor imaging and therapy

“…Shi's group successfully fabricated ultrasmall NaGdF 4 nanodots (2 nm) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modi¯cation. 46 In their work, DTPA was chelated outside of the UCNPs to capture the potentially released Gd 3þ ions. The synthesized nanodots were used for atherosclerotic plaque imaging and MR angiography.…”