Ultrashort pulse laser at 1564.3 nm wavelength with E-beam deposited copper nanoparticles saturable absorber

Muhammad, Ahmad Razif; Markom, Arni Munira; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi; Jusoh, Zuraini; Yupapin, P.

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106791

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Next year, Muhammad et al achieved a mode-locked laser with pulse duration of 2.85 ps and a high SNR of 71 dB at 1564.3 nm based on CuNPs. [223] In addition to 1.5 μm region, in 2018, Muhammad et al utilized CuNPs as SAs to successfully observe Q-switched pulses at 1040.6 nm from YDFL, proving the feasibility of CuNPs employed as SAs in 1 μm region. [224] In 2019, Pang et al prepared the SA by injecting CuNPs into LiTaO 3 crystal and realized Qswitched mode-locked waveguide laser at 1 μm with repetition rate up to 8.5 GHz.…”

Section: Copper (Cu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Nanomaterials with remarkable optical, mechanical, and electrical properties have shed new light on various fields including optoelectronics, sensors, biomedicine, and ultrafast photonics. Particularly, owing to their nonlinear optical properties, fast recovery time, and broadband operation, nanomaterials are well qualified as saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed lasers. Over the development of the past decades, various nanomaterials have been developed as saturable absorbers, which contribute to a diversity of lasers with excellent performance. Therefore, it is important for researchers to provide a landmark of the applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics concerning cutting‐edge development. Herein, the integration and applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics are reviewed. First, end‐face, lateral, as well as photonic crystal fibers padding integration methods are introduced along with their process and characteristics. Then the ultrafast applications of nanomaterials including carbon‐based (carbon nanotubes and graphene), typical 2D (topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes), and metal‐based nanomaterials (gold, silver, copper, and metal oxides) are summarized. Major parameters of ultrafast lasers and features of each nanomaterial are presented simultaneously. Finally, the perspectives of nanomaterials for further development in ultrafast photonics are discussed.

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Section: Copper (Cu)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…In 2021, Muhammad et al successfully prepared pure CuNP SAs on PVA films with electron beam deposition method. [89]…”

Section: Physical Vapor Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[120] In 2021, Muhammad et al obtained a highly stable mode-locked laser based on CuNP SA, which produced 2.85-ps pulses with SNR up to 71 dB. [89]…”

Section: Copper-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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absorbers (SAs) are widely used to obtain ultrafast lasers. Mode-locking indicates a fixed phase between longitudinal modes in spectral domain, while Q-switching refers to the giant pulse formation due to the tunable Q factor of the laser cavity. Saturable absorption represents the optical modulation that absorption coefficient of SAs decreases with the increase of incident optical intensity, where SAs are often categorized into artificial and real SAs. [7][8][9] Artificial SAs mainly consist of nonlinear polarization evolution, [10,11] nonlinear optical loop mirrors, [12][13][14] and nonlinear amplification loop mirrors, [15,16] which fulfill the function of saturable absorption by means of nonlinear effects. By contrast, real SAs are characterized by the inherent nonlinear absorption property of the materials. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a typical real SA and widely used in diverse lasers. However, several drawbacks such as complex fabrication and narrow operating bandwidth restrict its applications. [17][18][19][20][21] Under such circumstances, nanomaterials emerge as SAs of distinction where 2D nanomaterials have been widely investigated because of the unique optical properties induced by the energy band structures. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Graphene possesses zero bandgap and ultrafast carrier dynamics properties, contributing to a broad operating bandwidth and fast response time. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nevertheless, the modulation depth of ≈2.3% per layer limits Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent-wave structure based on D-shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.

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“…[103] In 2021, Muhammad et al fabricated CuNPs by using E-beam deposition method and integrated it into laser cavity through PVA polymer as a carrier. [197] Figure 10a shows the TEM image of nanoscale CuNPs. Based on this SA, mode-locked pulse centered at 1564.3 nm with the pulse width of 2.85 ps and high SNR of 71 dB was achieved, as shown in Figure 10b-d.…”

Section: Coppermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Metal‐Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanomaterials have demonstrated excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties in various fields, including 1D carbon nanotubes, as well as 2D materials starting from graphene. Metal-based nanomaterials, mainly divided into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, also gradually come into the sight of ultrafast photonics applications due to the outstanding optical properties. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by the interaction between conduction electrons with electric fields that is called surface plasmon resonance. As for metal oxide nanoparticles, optical properties are closely related to bandgap structures. When it comes to transition metal oxides, other phenomena also play important roles in optical absorption such as spin inversion and excitons of iron. Moreover, preparation methods of materials are also crucial for their properties and further applications. Therefore, in this review, commonly used physical and chemical fabrication methods for metal-based nanomaterials are first introduced. Then the optical properties of typical metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed specifically. In addition, the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers based on mode-locked and Q-switched techniques are also summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook toward the synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast photonics of metal-based nanomaterials are presented.

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Ultrashort pulse laser at 1564.3 nm wavelength with E-beam deposited copper nanoparticles saturable absorber

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Recent Progress on Metal‐Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics

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