Ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser

Shopova, Siyka I.; Rajmangal, R.; Nishida, Y.; Arnold, Stephen

doi:10.1063/1.3499261

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…4,5 Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) frequency conversion, polarization rotation, and macro-phonon polariton excitation have been first predicted and then demonstrated in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric domain inversion and its stability in lithium niobate thin film on insulator with different thicknesses

et al. 2016

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Ferroelectric domain inversion and its effect on the stability of lithium niobate thin films on insulator (LNOI) are experimentally characterized. Two sets of specimens with different thicknesses varying from submicron to microns are selected. For micron thick samples (~28 m), domain structures are achieved by pulsed electric field poling with electrodes patterned via photolithography. No domain structure deterioration has been observed for a month as inspected using polarizing optical microscopy and etching. As for submicron (540 nm) films, large-area domain inversion is realized by scanning a biased conductive tip in a piezoelectric force microscope. A graphic processing method is taken to evaluate the domain retention. A domain life time of 25.0 h is obtained and possible mechanisms are discussed. Our study gives a direct reference for domain structure-related applications of LNOI, including guiding wave nonlinear frequency conversion, nonlinear wavefront tailoring, electro-optic modulation, and piezoelectric devices.

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confidence: 99%

Ferroelectric domain inversion and its stability in lithium niobate thin film on insulator with different thicknesses

et al. 2016

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“…This microcavity Raman laser sensing method holds several advantages. On the one hand, the beat frequency of the Raman lasers, which corresponds to the mode splitting (18), is inherently immune to many noise sources, such as laser frequency noise and thermal noise (including that induced both by the environmental temperature fluctuations and by probe laser heating), which are the main noise sources in sensing systems using the mode shift mechanism (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Over the last few years, significant effort has been made to suppress the laser frequency noise in the mode-shift detection method, such as by using a reference interferometer (27) and by performing backscattering detection with frequency locking techniques (28,29), but both approaches involve a substantial increase in the complexity of the sensing systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Single nanoparticle detection using split-mode microcavity Raman lasers

Clements

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

262

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Ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection holds great potential for early-stage diagnosis of human diseases and for environmental monitoring. In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, single nanoparticle detection by monitoring the beat frequency of split-mode Raman lasers in high-Q optical microcavities. We first demonstrate this method by controllably transferring single 50-nm-radius nanoparticles to and from the cavity surface using a fiber taper. We then realize real-time detection of single nanoparticles in an aqueous environment, with a record low detection limit of 20 nm in radius, without using additional techniques for laser noise suppression. Because Raman scattering occurs in most materials under practically any pump wavelength, this Raman laser-based sensing method not only removes the need for doping the microcavity with a gain medium but also loosens the requirement of specific wavelength bands for the pump lasers, thus representing a significant step toward practical microlaser sensors.stimulated Raman scattering | optical microcavity | mode splitting | optical sensor | label free S timulated Raman scattering holds great potential for various photonic applications, such as label-free high-sensitivity biomedical imaging (1) and for extending the wavelength range of existing lasers (2), as well as for generating ultra-short light pulses (3). In high Q microcavities (4), stimulated Raman scattering, also called Raman lasing, has been experimentally demonstrated to possess ultra-low thresholds (5-12), due to the greatly increased light density in microcavities (13). Such microcavity Raman lasers hold great potential for sensing applications. In principle, Raman lasing initially occurs in the two initially degenerate counter propagating traveling cavity modes. These two modes couple to each other due to backscattering when a nanoscale object binds to the cavity surface. For a sufficiently strong coupling, in which the photon exchange rate between the two initial modes becomes larger than the rates of all of the loss mechanisms in the system, two new split cavity modes form (14-18) and lase simultaneously. Thus, by monitoring the beat frequency of the split-mode Raman lasers, ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection can be realized.In this work, we report, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration of single nanoparticle detection using split-mode microcavity Raman lasers. The sensing principle is first demonstrated in air, by controllably binding or removing single 50-nm-radius polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles to and from the cavity surface using a fiber taper (19) and measuring the changes in the beat frequency of the two split Raman lasers. Real-time single nanoparticle detection is then performed in an aqueous environment by monitoring the discrete changes in beat frequency of the Raman lasers, and a detection limit of 20 nm in particle radius is realized. This microcavity Raman laser sensing method holds several advantages. On the one hand, the beat frequency of the Raman las...

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“…Using our method, detection of polystyrene beads at a record radius of 12.5nm is demonstrated. Moreover, single Influenza-A virion (50nm radius equivalent) is detected with more than ten-fold, signal-to-noise enhancement compared to previous reports [1]. The technique requires no stabilization of the probe laser source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…To date, several groups have reported detection of nano-particles or virus binding events by monitoring the change of cavity-resonance wavelength [1]. In this work, a silica microtoroid [2] having a Q as high as 200 million in aqueous solution is applied to detect calibrated nano particles and InfA virion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%