Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering

Abstract

N-doped graphene can be used as a substrate for different molecules to effectively enhance their Raman scattering signal.

A Library of Doped-Graphene Images via Transmission Electron Microscopy

“…In addition, the morphologies of the N-doped bi-layer and N-doped tri-layer graphene were seen as obvious Moire patterns with a multi-orientated hexagonal lattice according to the HR-TEM and FFT analyses (Figure 9f,g) [40]. A further sophisticated observation by HR-TEM on the N-doped monolayer and bilayer graphene also revealed an interlayer spacing of 0.35 nm (Figure 9h,i) [41]. Similarly, on the same N-doped graphene process, Quan et al also showed the TEM and HR-TEM images of the N-doped graphene (Figure 9j,k) and the pristine solvothermal graphene prepared using N 2 as a precursor (Figure 9l,m) [33].…”

“…These include (I) gas sensor by B dopant [25], transistor by B dopant [94], N dopant [40,41], NO 2 dopant [69]; (II) biosensor by N dopant [86]; (III) solar cell by HNO 3 dopant [51,52], SoCl 2 dopant [50,51], B dopant [26], HCl dopant [51], H 2 O 2 dopant [51]; (IV) fuel cell by B dopant [27], N dopant [38,96]; (V) Li-ion battery by SnO 2 /N co-dopant [35], MoS 2 /N co-dopant [36], O 2 dopant [84]; (VI) supercapacitor by N dopant [39]; (VII) FET by N dopant [44,88], diazonium salt and PEI dopants [74], NH 3 dopant [73], N 2 H 4 dopant [61,62], o-MeO-DMBI dopant [63]; (VIII) photovoltaic cells by AuCl 3 dopant [29]; electrocatalyst for ORR by S/N co-dopant [34], FeN 4 dopant [32], N dopant [37,89], P dopant [79,80], N 2 /P co-dopant [76]; (IX) PLED by TFSA dopant [48]; (X) Free-radical scavenging by P dopant [77]; and (XI) energy storage and conversion by S dopant [33]. In general, the doped-graphene exhibited the diverse potentials with physical and chemical characteristics in further improvement the unexploited and unexplored potential in graphene.…”

“…In general, the doped-graphene exhibited the diverse potentials with physical and chemical characteristics in further improvement the unexploited and unexplored potential in graphene. Plasma doping Ultracapacitor Capacitance (280 F/g), novel cycle life (>200,000), and high-power capability [39] Pyrolysis Catalyst High O-reduction reaction [43] Thermal annealing in APCVD Organic molecular sensing Novel probing of Rhodamine (RhB) molecules [40] Thermal annealing in APCVD Ultrasensitive molecular sensor Novel sensing of RhB, crystal violet (CRV), and methylene blue (MB) molecules [41] Pyrolysis Catalyst High O-reduction reaction [37] Thermal annealing in CVD Fuel cells High O-reduction reactions, long-term stability, tolerance to crossover and poison [38] Plasma doping NA NA [42] Annealing at 1100 • C Back-gate FET Mobility (6000 cm 2 /Vs) [44] Plasma doping Biosensor High electrocatalytic activity, Novel glucose biosensing with low concentration (0.01 mM) [86] Electrothermal annealing FET Highly edge functionalization of GNRs by N 2 species [87] Wet chemical doping Catalyst Good electrocatalytic activity, long term stability, and tolerance to crossover effect [88] Soft thermal doping NA NA [92,94] Solvothermal doping Fuel cell Enhanced catalytic activity in O-reduction reaction [96] Thermal annealing in APCVD NA NA [95] Obviously, the TEM is an important technique to reveal the morphology, crystalline and chemical structures of nanomaterials. The information that TEM techniques can provide and their implications on applications is based on the assistances of low-magnification TEM, HR-TEM, spherical aberration-corrected HR-TEM, BF-TEM, DP-TEM, DF-TEM, STEM, DF-STEM, STEM_EELS, HAADF-STEM, and micro EDS-TEM.…”

Electronic Structure of a Semiconducting Imine‐Covalent Organic Framework

“…To increase the applicability, it is vital to modify the electronic properties of these materials. Several methods have been proposed for graphene, which includes substrate, adsorption of atoms, doping of heteroatoms within the sheet and so on. En‐route to the development of 2D materials a new class has emerged where organic molecular building blocks are used to form covalently linked molecular 2D materials on surfaces.…”

Investigation of the Structural and Dynamical Properties of Cu⁺ in Liquid Ammonia: A Quantum Mechanical Charge Field (QMCF) Molecular Dynamics Study

“…Utilization of Cu + ion is extensive and applicable, such as the manufacture of ultrasensitive molecular sensor that leads to a better Raman signal enhancement [1], next-generation of OLED technology [2], supporting surface in a self assembled monolayer [3], and helping mammalian immune system to fight bacterial pathogens [4]. Cu + ion also has a major role in several redox reactions and catalytic system [5][6].…”